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Stoneware bowl with greenish-tinged glaze, Vietnam, 13th century

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Stoneware bowl with greenish-tinged glaze, Vietnam, 13th century

Stoneware bowl with greenish-tinged glaze, Vietnam, 13th century. Height: 7 cm, Diameter: 15.9 cm. Captain P. Johansen Gift, C.45 - 1933 (RK. 1988) © Victoria and Albert Museum, London 2016.

Bowl, white stoneware with green-tinged glaze over white slip; cup shaped, on low foot, radially fluted inside; five large spur marks in the middle.

Gift of Capt. P. Johannsen "as a token of gratitude for the splendid lectures given on many occasions" (Nos. 43 to 45-1933). Found at the village of Ngoc Ha, near Hanoi.


Tina Chow in a Cristobal Balenciaga evening coat from 1953, photographed by David Seidner

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Tina Chow in a Cristobal Balenciaga evening coat from 1953, photographed by David Seidner

Tina Chow in a Cristobal Balenciaga evening coat from 1953, photographed by David Seidner

Tina Chow in a 1951 black silk faille evening coat by Balenciaga, photographed by David Seidner

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Tina Chow wearing Balenciaga, photographed by David Seidner

Tina Chow in a 1951 black silk faille evening coat by Balenciaga, photographed by David Seidner.

A moulded Qingbai 'phoenix' bowl, Song dynasty (960–1279)

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A moulded Qingbai 'phoenix' bowl, Song dynasty (960–1279)

A moulded Qingbai 'phoenix' bowl, Song dynasty (960–1279)

Lot 504. A moulded Qingbai 'phoenix' bowl, Song dynasty (960–1279). Estimate 10,000 — 15,000 HKD. Lot sold 15,000 HKD (1,817 EUR). Photo: Sotheby's.

of conical form, moulded to the interior with a pair of phoenix below a key-fret band, covered overall save for the base with an attractive translucent bluish-white glaze, Japanese wood box - 16.9 cm, 6 5/8  in..

Sotheby's. Chinese Art, Hong Kong, 02 Dec 2016

A Qingbai 'boys' bowl, Song dynasty (960–1279)

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A Qingbai 'boys' bowl, Song dynasty (960–1279)

Lot 505. A Qingbai 'boys' bowl, Song dynasty (960–1279). Estimate 40,000 — 60,000 HKD. Lot sold  52,500 HKD (6,359 EUR) . Photo: Sotheby's.

of conical form, skilfully incised around the interior with two boys amidst scrolling lotus, beneath a clear glaze lightly tinged with blue, the unglazed glaze with a circular spur mark - 20.6 cm, 8 1/8  in.

ProvenanceSotheby's Hong Kong, 27th/28th April 1993, lot 13.

Sotheby's. Chinese Art, Hong Kong, 02 Dec 2016

A celadon-glazed crackled dish, Late Ming–Early Qing dynasty

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A celadon-glazed crackled dish, Late Ming–Early Qing dynasty

A celadon-glazed crackled dish, Late Ming–Early Qing dynasty

A celadon-glazed crackled dish, Late Ming–Early Qing dynasty. Estimate 20,000 — 30,000 HKD. Lot sold  25,000 HKD (3,028 EUR) . Photo: Sotheby's.

thickly potted with shallow flaring sides rising at an angle from a short tapered foot, covered overall with a lustrous glaze suffused with a network of fine crackles, the unglazed foot ring burnt to a light orange in the firing - 18.9 cm, 7 1/2  in.

Provenance: Collection of Alberto Giuganino (1887-1979), Rome.

Sotheby's. Chinese Art, Hong Kong, 02 Dec 2016

A pair of quartz and diamond brooches by JAR

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Lot 16. A pair of quartz and diamond brooches by JAR. Estimate USD 30,000 - USD 50,000. Price Realised USD 81,250 © Christie's Images Ltd 2016. 

Each designed as a reeded frosted rose or light blue quartz seashell within a single-cut diamond border, mounted in 18k blackened gold, 1 5/8 ins., with French assay marks for 18k gold. Signed JAR, Paris, with maker's marks

The Collection of Robert and Sylvia Olnick 

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Robert and Sylvia Olnick

Robert S. Olnick and his wife, Sylvia Nadel Olnick, were passionately committed to culture and community. Whether in New York, Palm Beach or Israel, the couple devoted themselves to the promotion of the public good, building a business and philanthropic network that changed countless lives. The Olnicks’ significant collection of fine art embodies the vibrant vision of these two tremendous spirits.

Born and raised in Manhattan, Robert S. Olnick graduated from New York University and Columbia University Law School, where he edited the Columbia Law Review. During the Second World War, Mr. Olnick served with distinction in the United States Navy as a landing boat commander on the SS Wayne, where he saw six combat invasions. He returned to New York in 1945 to embark on what would become a prodigious real estate career. Robert Olnick saw potential in transforming areas of his native New York that had been overlooked by other developers, including Harlem and the Bronx. Throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, Mr. Olnick rose to become one of the city’s most prominent figures in housing and real estate, overseeing major developments and urban renewal initiatives such as the Knolls in the Bronx, Lenox Terrace in Harlem, the Excelsior on Manhattan’s 57th Street, and other important buildings in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Florida, and California. The recipient of New York University’s Alumni Achievement Award and a trustee of the university’s School of Continuing Education, Robert Olnick was chief executive officer and chairman of the real estate development firm Starrett Housing Corporation, developers of the Empire State Building; founder of the eponymous Olnick Organization; and a founding partner at the law firm Olnick Boxer Blumberg Lane & Troy.

Sylvia Nadel Olnick was also born in New York City and graduated from New York University. Known for her elegance, intelligence and worldly glamour, she and her husband Robert found inspiration in each other and were beloved partners in philanthropy and collecting. They travelled often and also found inspiration and joy in their time abroad.

Sylvia Olnick was also utterly devoted to her family. From international travels with daughters Barbara and Nancy to dinners at the Four Seasons Restaurant with her grandchildren and great-grandchildren—a cherished tradition before their departure for summer camp—Mrs. Olnick made an indelible mark across generations.

It was a heartfelt way of living that the Olnicks also brought to the public sphere: across their many years together, the couple were notable yet unassuming charitable patrons of cultural, educational, and Jewish causes. Following her husband’s death in 1986, Mrs. Olnick only became more ardent in her giving, supporting initiatives in New York, Palm Beach, and beyond. At the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business, she established the Robert S. Olnick Case Development Fund, bridging the law and real estate fields to which her husband had contributed so greatly. Mrs. Olnick was an especially ardent supporter of the American Friends of the Israel Museum, where she sat on the board of trustees, served as honorary chairman, and founded the Palm Beach Friends of the Israel Museum. A member of the American Jewish Committee Women’s Leadership Board, Mrs. Olnick was honored by the organization in 2003 for her unwavering leadership and advocacy. 

Robert and Sylvia Olnick possessed a profound love for art and culture, one that culminated in a noteworthy collection of works by important Modern and Contemporary artists. The Olnick residences in New York and Palm Beach were home to paintings, drawings and sculptures by master artists such as Josef Albers, Roy Lichtenstein, Agnes Martin, Alexander Calder, Hans Hofmann, Robert Rauschenberg, and Willem de Kooning. Through visits to museums, galleries, and simply living each day with art, the couple passed on their passion to their daughters, Barbara Lane and Nancy Olnick. Internationally recognized collectors and arts benefactors in their own right, Barbara and Nancy continue to further their parents’ vision in creativity and philanthropy. Nancy Olnick’s passion for Italian art and design led her and her husband, Giorgio Spanu, to found Magazzino of Italian Art (MIA)—a 20,000 square-foot space designed by Miguel Garcia Quismondo that will feature their permanent collection of Italian art, as well as rotating exhibitions—in Garrison, New York. Barbara Lane and her husband, Rick, became devoted proponents of Pop Art, and continue to collect both classic Pop Art and more recent work by artists working with found imagery and popular culture.

In later years, both Barbara and Nancy also inspired their mother, and introduced her to a new generation of cutting-edge contemporary artists, many who used photo-based imagery. Always modern and open to new experiences, Sylvia Olnick happily expanded her collection to include works by Cindy Sherman, Barbara Kruger, Vik Muniz, Richard Prince and Michelangelo Pistoletto, among others.

In community, philanthropy, and art, building came naturally to Robert and Sylvia Olnick, committed patrons of a better world. Their love of art and the arts is an affirmation of the Olnicks’ belief in fostering inspiration and imagination—a legacy truly worthy of celebration.

Christie's. Magnificent Jewels, 7 December 2016, New York, Rockefeller Plaza 

A set of 'Hindu' emerald, diamond and gold jewelry, by René Boivin

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Lot 1. A set of 'Hindu' emerald, diamond and gold jewelry, by René Boivin.  Estimate USD 25,000 - USD 35,000. Price Realised USD 65,000 © Christie's Images Ltd 2016. 

Comprising a necklace, designed as a sculpted 18k gold band centering upon a graduated series of pear-shaped emeralds and circular-cut diamonds, within a roped gold surround; and a pair of ear clips en suite, 14 1/2 ins. (necklace), 7/8 in. (ear clips), with French assay marks for 18k gold. Signed René Boivin, with maker's marks (necklace). Signed R. Boivin, with maker's mark (ear clips)

The Collection of Robert and Sylvia Olnick  

LiteratureCf. F. Cailles, René Boivin: Jeweler, Paris, Éditions de l’Amateur, 1994, p. 239

Christie's. Magnificent Jewels, 7 December 2016, New York, Rockefeller Plaza 


A set of diamond, natural pearl and gold 'Passementerie' jewelry, by René Boivin

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Lot 2. A set of diamond, natural pearl and gold 'Passementerie' jewelry, by René Boivin. Estimate USD 20,000 - USD 30,000. Price Realised USD 35,000 © Christie's Images Ltd 2016. 

Comprising an old and rose-cut diamond brooch of scroll design, each terminal suspending old-cut diamond and natural pearl drops, measuring approximately 8.67 mm and 8.85 x 8.50 mm, to the articulated circular-cut diamond tulip cap; and a pair of ear clips en suite with natural pearls, measuring approximately 8.10 and 8.14 mm. 2 1/8 ins. (brooch), 1 3/8 ins. (ear clips), with French assay marks for 18k gold, in a René Boivin gray suede fitted case. With maker's marks

Accompanied by a letter from Françoise Cailles confirming authenticity 

With report nos. 2175947102 and 5172946988 dated 27 October 2016 from the GIA Gemological Institute of America stating that the pearls are natural, saltwater pearls with no indications of treatment

The Collection of Robert and Sylvia Olnick  

Literature: Cf. F. Cailles, René Boivin: Jeweler, Paris, Éditions de l’Amateur, 1994, p. 239

Christie's. Magnificent Jewels, 7 December 2016, New York, Rockefeller Plaza 

A diamond, copper and gold ring, by Hemmerle

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Lot 3. A diamond, copper and gold ring, by Hemmerle. Estimate USD 120,000 - USD 180,000. Price Realised USD 162,500 © Christie's Images Ltd 2016. 

With a bezel-set rectangular-cut diamond, ring size 5 1/2, mounted in copper and 18k rose gold. Signed Hemmerle, with maker's mark

The Collection of Robert and Sylvia Olnick  

Literature: Cf. F. Cailles, René Boivin: Jeweler, Paris, Éditions de l’Amateur, 1994, p. 239

Christie's. Magnificent Jewels, 7 December 2016, New York, Rockefeller Plaza 

A wood and gold necklace, by René Boivin

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Lot 4. A wood and gold necklace,  by René Boivin. Estimate USD 8,000 - USD 12,000. Price Realised USD 37,500 © Christie's Images Ltd 2016. 

Designed as a series of wood hoops, joined by sculpted gold links, 43 1/4 ins., can be separated into five bracelets measuring 8 3/4 ins. each, with French assay marks for 18k gold. Signed René Boivin

The Collection of Robert and Sylvia Olnick  

Literature: Cf. F. Cailles, René Boivin: Jeweler, Paris, Éditions de l’Amateur, 1994, p. 239

Christie's. Magnificent Jewels, 7 December 2016, New York, Rockefeller Plaza 

Great provenance & broad spectrum of buyers drive Old Masters Sale

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Lot 12. Lorenzo Lotto (1480-1556), Portrait of an architect, possibly Giovanni Dal Corooil on canvas, 86 x 120 cm. Est. £200,000-300,000 / €224,000-336,000 / $246,000-369,000. Sold for £416,750 ($526,980) (€489,763) to a UK Private. Photo: Sotheby's.

LONDON.- “Key to tonight’s success was the extraordinary provenance of a large proportion of the sale, with many of the works coming to the market for the first time, not just in decades but in centuries. The hunger of the market for such works was demonstrated by the participation of multiple bidders on so many of the lots, with paintings being driven well in excess of their estimates by a broad spectrum of private collectors and dealers from across the globe. In a collecting field as old as ours, it’s thrilling still to be introducing works by great masters to the market for the very first time.” ---Alex Bell, Sotheby’s Worldwide Co-Chairman of Old Master Paintings  

TONIGHT’S SALE AT A GLANCE: 

· Tonight’s sale totalled an above-high-estimate £14,835,500 / $18, 759,490 / €17,434,632 

· Pre-sale estimate: £7,990,000-11,850,000 

· 80% of the lots sold above high estimate 

· Sell-through rate of 83% - second-highest rate for a Sotheby’s London Old Masters Evening Sale 

· 40% increase in participants compared to last year’s equivalent sale 

· 25% increase on geographical spread of participants compared to last year’s equivalent sale, with strong bidding from Russia, Asia and the traditional markets throughout the sale 

· 5 auction records achieved 

TOP LOTS 

• The Top lot of tonight’s sale was a beautifully preserved version of Pieter Brueghel the Younger’s Return from the Kermesse, which realised £2.6m (Lot 34, est. £2-3m). This boisterous depiction of villagers returning from a country fair, full of merriment and abandon, enjoyed great popularity during the artist’s lifetime. 

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Lot 34. Pieter Brueghel the Younger (Brussels 1564 - 1637/8 Antwerp), Return from the Kermesse, signed lower left: P. BREVGHEL, oil on oak panel, 50 x 79 cm.; 19. by 31. in. Est. £ 2,000,000-3,000,000/ €2,240,000-3,360,000 / $2,460,000-3,690,000. Sold for: £2,577,500 ($3,259,249) (€3,029,070) to a Private CollectorPhoto: Sotheby's

 • The second-highest price achieved tonight was for an exceptional early Renaissance portrait by Titian and his studio, Portrait of two boys, said to be members of the Pesaro Family, which realised an above-high-estimate of £2.1m (Lot 11, est. £1-1.5m). This ranks as the fourth highest price achieved at auction for any work by Titian. This striking work is a rarity in the genre of portraiture, as it is one of the first and very few double portraits in Renaissance painting. Its originality also lies in the intensely expressive representation of childhood, rarely seen in Titian’s oeuvre. 

Titian & Workshop - Portrait of two boys

Lot 11. Tiziano Vecellio, called Titian, and workshop (Pieve di Cadore circa 1485/90 - 1576 Venice), Portrait of two boys, said to be members of the Pesaro family, signed with initials lower left: T F, oil on canvas, 91.5 x 77 cm.; 36 x 30¼ in. Est. £1-1.5 million / € 1,120,000-1,680,000 / US$ 1,230,000-1,850,000. Sold for £2,108,750 ($2,666,514) (€2,478,196) to an Anonyme. Photo: Sotheby's

• Lorenzo Lotto’s Portrait of an Architect fetched £416,750 (Lot 12, est. £200,000-300,000) – a record price in sterling for the artist. A recently discovered addition to the artist’s oeuvre, the work was probably painted in the 1540s. 

Lotto - Portrait of an Architect

Lot 12. Lorenzo Lotto (1480-1556), Portrait of an architect, possibly Giovanni Dal Corooil on canvas, 86 x 120 cm. Est. £200,000-300,000 / €224,000-336,000 / $246,000-369,000. Sold for £416,750 ($526,980) (€489,763) to a UK Private. Photo: Sotheby's. 

• A magnificent 15th-Century Italian gold-ground by the Master of the Osservanza - one of the most prominent Sienese artists of the first half of the 15th century - Flagellation, fetched twice the high estimate at £1.4m (Lot 22, est. £400,000-600,000). This beautiful gold-ground painting from 1441 served as a file cover for official documents relating to the city state of Siena and has remained in the collection of famous German painter Franz von Lenbach for over a century. 

Master de Osservanza - Flagellation of Christ

Lot 22Master of the Osservanza (Active in Siena during the second quarter of the 15th century)The Flagellationinscribed and dated 1441:Questa et lentrata et luscita della generale cabella del comuno di Siena altempo degli egregij et / honorevogli cittadini Filippo di pietro del giorgi[e]ra [ch]amarlengo Nicholo di griffolo da litiano / Urbano giovanegli Antonio di iacomo del golia Giovanni dandrea dicino executori di cabella / e di Guccio di petro menghini scriptore cominciato a di po di gennaio. 1440 finito a di ultimo / di giugno. 1441. et di sere Anbrugio dandrea bonegli loro notaro. Gabella. Panel, tempera and gold on poplar panel, 45 x 30.5 cm.; 17 ¾ x 12 in. Est. £400,000-600,000 / € 448,000-675,000 / $ 491,000-740,000. Sold for £1,388,750 ($1,756,074) (€1,632,055) to a Private Collector. *AUCTION RECORD FOR THE ARTIST* Photo: Sotheby's

 

• A magnificent gold-ground painting of the Nativity by Bicci di Lorenzo, one of the most important painters of early 15th-century Florence, sold for £368,750 (Lot 23, est. £300,000-500,000) – a record price for the artist. 

Bicci di Lorenzo - Nativity HR

Lot 23. Bicci di Lorenzo (Florence 1373 - 1452), The Nativity, tempera on poplar panel, gold ground, 88 x 58 cm.; 34⅝ x 22⅞ in. Est. £300,000-500,000 / € 336,000-560,000 / $369,000-615,000. Sold for £368,750 ($466,284) (€433,354)to a Private Collector. *AUCTION RECORD FOR THE ARTIST* Photo: Sotheby's.

• The stunning A Still life of tulips, wild roses, cyclamen, yellow ranunculus, forget-me-not and other flowers, in a glass beaker by Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder, who led the sudden outburst of flower painting in the Netherlands at the start of the 17th century, sold for £1m (Lot 37, est. £800,000-1.2m). 

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Lot 37. Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder (Antwerp 1573 - 1621 The Hague), Still life of tulips, wild roses, cyclamen, yellow ranunculus, forget-me-not and other flowers, in a glass beaker, signed in monogram lower right, oil on copper, 19.4 x 12.9 cm.; 7¾ x 5 in. Est. £800,000-1,200,000 / €900,000-1,350,000 / $985,000-1,480,000. Sold for £1,088,750 ($1,376,724) (€1,279,496) to an European Private. Photo: Sotheby's

STRONG PRICES FOR PRIVATE COLLECTIONS 
Tonight’s sale was characterised by fresh to market works, sourced from a selection of important collections. Over two thirds of works offered were appearing on the market for the first time in half a century. Almost 50% of the works offered tonight had remained in the same collection for over a century. 

• The three works offered from the collection of the Marquess of Lothian sold for a combined total of £794,000 (Lots 1,3-4, est. £100,000-140,000), including Jacob Isaacksz. van Ruisdael’s A river landscape at dusk with a fisherman on a bank in the foreground selling for ten times high estimate at £512,750 (Lot 3, est. £30,000-40,000). 

 

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Lot 3. Jacob Isaacksz. van Ruisdael (Haarlem 1628/9 - 1682 Amsterdam), A river landscape at dusk with a fisherman on a bank in the foreground, signed in monogram and dated lower left: JVR / 1649, oil on oak panel, 17.8 x 29 cm.; 7 1/8  x 11 3/8  in. Estimate £30,000 - 40,000. Sold for £512,750 ($648,372) (€602,582) to a Private CollectorPhoto: Sotheby's.

• The ten works sold from the Forbes Collection brought a combined total of £3.9m (Lots 514, est. £1.7-2.5m) – a collection assembled by Sir William Forbes, the Scottish banker and 7th Baronet of Pitsligo in the 19th-Century. This was led by the double portrait by Titian and his studio, Portrait of two boys and Lorenzo Lotto’s Portrait of an architect (detailed in Top Lots above). 

• The four works sold from the Rutter Collection doubled pre-sale expectations, bringing a combined total of £1.9m (Lots 15-20, est. £420,000-610,000). These works come from a collection formed in the 1950s and 60s by the Viennese businessman Karl Rutter. This included David Teniers the Younger’s Boys blowing bubbles in an interior selling for over four times its high estimate at £680,750 (Lot 18, est. £80,000-120,000); Roelandt Savery’s The Temptation of Saint Anthony similarly sold for over five times its high estimate at £440,750 (Lot 17, est. £60,000-80,000). 

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Lot 18. David Teniers the Younger (Antwerpt 1610 - 1690 Brussels), Boys blowing bubbles in an interior, signed upper right: D. TENIERS, oil on oak panel, 31 x 25 cm.; 12 1/4  x 9 7/8  in. Estimate £80,000 - 120,000. Sold for £680,750 ($860,808) (€800,015) to an AnonymousPhoto: Sotheby's.

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Lot 17. Roelandt Savery (Kortridj 1576 - 1639 Utrecht), The Temptation of Saint Anthony, oil on beechwood panel, 17.5 x 26.7 cm.; 7 x 10 1/2  in. Estimate £60,000-80,000. Sold for £440,750 ($557,328) (€517,968) to an European PrivatePhoto: Sotheby's.

AUCTION RECORDS 

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Lot 19. Roelandt Savery (Kortridj 1576 - 1639 Utrecht), Orpheus charming the animals, signed and dated lower right on the rock: R.SAVERY / FE.1618, oil on oak panel, 29.6 x 41.8 cm.; 11 3/4  x 16 1/2  in. Estimate £80,000 - 120,000. Sold for £452,750 ($572,502) (€532,070) to an European TradePhoto: Sotheby's.

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Lot 41. George Romney (Dalton 1734 - 1802 Kendal), Portrait of Peter Woodhouse (b. 1745), full-length, wearing a red coat, with his black and white pointer, a gun and a brace of grey partridges, a view of Warton Crag, Lancaster, beyond; oil on canvas, 196 x 128.5 cm.; 77 1/8  x 50 5/8  in. Estimate £300,000 - 500,000. Sold for £368,750 ($466,284) (€433,354) to a Private CollectorPhoto: Sotheby's.

 

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Lot 15. Workshop of Albrecht Bouts (Leuwen circa 1452/5 - 1549 Place Unknown), Ecce Homo, oil on oak panel, rounded top, 41.7 x 27.3 cm.; 16 3/8  x 10 3/4  in. Estimate £40,000 - 60,000. Sold for £368,750 ($466,284) (€433,354) to a Private CollectorPhoto: Sotheby's.

 

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Lot 32. Jacob Savery the Elder (Kortridj circa 1565 - 1603 Amsterdam), The Season of Winter: a snowy landscape with a wedding procession and figures playing on the ice outside a walled town, oil on oak panel, 41 x 67.2 cm.; 16 x 26 1/2  in. Estimate £200,000 - 300,000. Sold for £368,750 ($466,284) (€433,354) to an European Trade *AUCTION RECORD FOR THE ARTIST*Photo: Sotheby's.

 

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Lot 7. School of Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn. circa 1650, A kitchen interior and a woman plucking a chicken with a copper pot, baskets and a plate of fish, oil on canvas, 158.4 x 176 cm.; 62 3/8  x 69 1/4  in. Estimate £100,000 — 150,000. Sold for ££368,750 ($466,284) (€433,354) to a Private CollectorPhoto: Sotheby's.

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Lot 21. Master of the Straus (Active in Florence, circa 1380-1420), Madonna for Madonna and Child with Saint John the Baptist, Saint Anthony Abbot, Saint Catherine of Alexandria and Saint Margaret, tempera and gold on panel, shaped top, 101 x 58.8 cm.; 39 3/4  x 23 1/8  in. (with later extensions). Estimate £80,000 — 120,000. Sold for £193,750 ($244,997) (€(227,694) to an European PrivatePhoto: Sotheby's.

ARTS D’ASIE chez Sotheby's Paris, 15 décembre 2016

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Paris– Dernier rendez-vous de l’année chez Sotheby’s à Paris, la vente d’Arts d’Asie se tiendra le 15 décembre à la galerie Charpentier. La première session offrira une collection de pierres dures sculptées et jades archaïques chinois comprenant l’ancienne collection Max Loehr (1903 – 1988). L’après-midi, un remarquable ensemble de 114 lots provenant de diverses collections particulières européennes sera mis en vente. Cette session rassemble une belle sélection de bronzes chinois et tibétains. De rares exemples de jades impériaux de la dynastie Qing viendront étoffer ce catalogue.

Paris– Last sale of the year at Sotheby’s Paris, the Asian Art sale will take place on December 15. The first session will offer at auction a group of early Chinese jade and hardstone carvings including the Collection of Max Loehr. Just after, a remarquable set of 114 works from private European collectors will be offered at auction. This session gathers an important ensemble of Chinese and Tibetan bronze figures. Rare examples of Qing imperial Jades will also be part of the sale.

ENSEMBLE DE BRONZES BOUDDHIQUES 

IMPORTANT GROUPE DE SCULPTURES EN BRONZE DE LA DYNASTIE MING - AN IMPORTANT GROUP OF MING BRONZE SCULPTURE

L’imposante statue de Wenchang Wang en bronze, le Dieu taoïste de la littérature et de la culture, est la vedette incontestable de cette vente (lot 144, estimation : 450.000 – 550.000 €). Remarquables par leur taille majestueuse et leur poids, les très grandes figures en bronze fondues en une seule pièce sont rares car leur fabrication nécessite une véritable prouesse technique. De petits détails tels que la coiffe rehaussée de trois monts flanqués du soleil et de la lune, les dragons à cinq griffes ornant sa longue robe ample et les nœuds au bout de ses chaussures, permettent d’identifier cette statue de Wenchang Wang, un des dieux les plus importants dans la hiérarchie taoïste. Il est représenté assis l’expression sereine et bienveillante regardant droit devant. Le taoïsme prospéra aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles de la dynastie Ming, lorsque les statues monumentales de dieux taoïstes furent fabriquées sous le patronage impérial des Empereurs Jiaqing et Wanli. La statue présentée fait partie des rares sculptures monumentales en bronze ayant survécu jusqu’à nos jours.

A magnificent large Ming dynasty bronze figure of Wenchang Dijun, the Daoist god of literature and culture, leads the Sotheby's Paris Asian Art sale (lot 144, estimate 450.000 – 550.000 €). Notable for its impressive size and considerable weight, bronze figures of this very large size cast in one piece are rare as their manufacture presented a technical challenge and accomplishment. Small details such as the three-peaked mountain flanked by the sun and the moon, the finely detailed five-clawed dragons adorning the hems of his voluminous robe and the fluttering sashes flanking his feet identify this figure as Wenchang Wang, one of the most important deities in the Daoist canon. He is depicted seated, his expression benevolent and calm gazinng ahead. Daoism flourished during the 16th and 17th centuries of the Ming dynasty when monumental bronze figures of Daoist deities were made under the imperial patronage of the Jiaqing and Wanli emperors. The present figure is among the very few bronze figures of comparable monumental size that have survived.

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Lot 144. Importante statue de Wenchang Wang, dynastie Ming, XVIe -XVIIe siècle. Estimate 450,000 — 550,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

A magnificent large Ming dynasty bronze figure of Wenchang Dijun, 16th – 17th century

l'imposante figure daoïste majestueusement assise, les mains rassemblées devant la poitrine tenant une longue tablette, le visage à l'expression sereine esquissant un sourire, les cheveux masqués sous une haute coiffe caractéristique décorée d'un stele surgissant d'une montagne à trois sommets, le menton agrémenté d'une longue barbe lissée, vêtu d'une robe ample aux manches retombant le long des jambes jusqu'au sol, decorée de dragons, traces de dorure, grand socle en bois (2) - 117 cm, 46 in.

Provenance: Acquired in Belgium in the 1970s.

Notes: The present figure is notable for its impressive size and considerable weight. Indeed, bronze figures of this very large size cast in one piece, are rare as their manufacture presents a technical challenge and accomplishment. Despite its large size, it is finely cast with great attention to detail, such as the fine borders of the figure's robes which are embellished with five-clawed striding dragons, and the fluttering sashes at the hem. While the sashes point to his other-wordly nature, the dragon motifs decorating his robe indicate his elevated position. The figure may be identified as Wenchang Wang, also known as Wenchang dijun, the Daoist god of Culture and Literature, more commonly depicted holding a ruyi-sceptre but who is represented here holding a tablet. Most indicative of his important position in the Daoist canon is a motif on his head ornament resembling a crown which is decorated with a three-peaked mountain flanked by the sun and moon. Stephen Little suggests the such headdresses worn by these deities distinguished their places in the celestial hierarchy, see Stephen Little, Daoism and the Arts of China, The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, 2000, p. 248. A similar hat is also worn by a figure representing one of the Three Purities, carved in high relief at the eight cave-temples at Long Shan in Shanxi province and attributed to the fourteenth century, illustrated ibid., p. 27, fig. 9. Little further notes that the concept of the sacred peak as a numinous pivot connecting heaven and earth is fundamental to religious Daoism. A related massive bronze figure measuring 8 feet, but cast with a stern expression, was sold in our New York rooms, 23rd and 24th May 1974, lot 147.

The robe, ruyi-toed shoes, dragon design and lock pendant may be linked to a particular style of court dress that evolved from the Song Dynasty and continued into the Ming dynasty and was worn also by high-ranking figures in the Daoist pantheon. Daoism flourished in the Ming dynasty under the Jiajing and Wanli Emperors. During the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, numerous bronze figure of Daoist deities were cast under imperial patronage during the Ming dynasty. However, few of bronze figures are known or have survived of this almost monumental size. A gilt-bronze figure of Wenchang Wang of slightly smaller size was sold at Christie's New York, 3rd June, 1993, lot 562. Compare also with a large lacquer-gilt bronze figure of Wenchang Wang, sold in our New York rooms, 27th March 2003, lot 15. 

Un rare ensemble de trois statuettes de Bouddhas en bronze doré de la dynastie Ming, datant du XVe siècle, comprenant Bhaishajyaguru, Vairocana et Amithaba, illustre la tradition sculpturale sous Yongle et Xuande, et sera également la figure de proue de cette vente (lot 129, estimation : 200.000 – 300.000 €). Au centre de ce groupe se trouve Vairocana, légèrement plus grands que les deux autres et entièrement doré, aux mains en abhisekana mudra, exprimant le concept de l’ultime réalité et de la sagesse. Cette ensemble aurait pu faire partie d’un groupe de huit Bouddhas, commandé pour un temple. Peu de statuettes faisant partie du même ensemble, telles celles-ci, nous sont parvenues. 

A rare ensemble of three gilt-bronze figures of Buddha comprising Bhaishajyaguru, Vairocana and Amithaba, made in the 15th century, illustrates the sculptural tradition of the Yongle and Xuande periods of the Ming dynasty (lot 129, estimate 200.000 – 300.000 €). The slightly larger and entirely gilt figure of Vairocana with hands held in abhisekana mudra expressing the concept of ultimate reality and wisdom, is at the centre of this group. The ensemble may have been part of a larger set of eight buddhas and may have been commissioned by a temple. Few sets comprising several buddhas from the original set such as the present ensemble survive.

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Lot 129. Important ensemble de trois statuettes de Bouddhas Bhaishajyaguru, Vairocana et Amitabha en bronze doré Dynastie Ming, XVe siècleEstimate 200,000 — 300,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

Ensemble of three gilt-bronze figures of Buddha, Ming dynasty, 15th century

chacun assis en vajrasana sur une double base lotiforme, le Bouddha Bhaishajyaguru, la main droite en varada mudra présentant la noix d'arura, le Bouddha Vairocana les mains jointes devant la poitrine en abhisekana mudra, et le Bouddha Amitabha les mains en dhyana mudra, les corps drapés de robes monastiques souples aux bordures finement ornés de bandes florales, couvrant les deux épaules et laissant le torse découvert, les visages sereins, aux paupières baissées et aux lèvres charnues légèrement ourlées, la chevelure coiffée de petites boucles retenues en un haut chignon surmonté d'un bijou, non scellées (3) - 39, 40 et 39 cm; 15 3/8 , 15 3/4  and 15 3/8  in.

Notes: The finely modeled and engraved gilt-bronzes depict three Buddhas displaying the mudras and attributes of Vairocana, Amitabha and Bhaishajyaguru, are cast in the mid-fifteenth century style following the sculptural tradition of the Yongle and Xuande periods, cf. a very similar fifteenth century Buddha of Medicine, Bhaishajyaguru, in the Qing Court Collection, illustrated in Buddhist Statues of Tibet: The Complete Collection of Treasures of the Palace Museum, Hong Kong, 2003, p. 235, cat. no. 224. Compare also with a very large gilt-bronze figure of Bhaishajyaguru, dated by inscription to the first year of the Jingtai reign (1450), and published in Gems of Beijing Cultural Relics Series. Buddhist Statues, vol. I., figs. 115 and 116. 

The Bhaishajyaguru and the Buddha with hands in dhyana mudra may be from a set of eight Buddhas making up the circle of Medicine Buddhas in the mandala of Bhaishajyaguru. A Qing period three dimensional depiction of the mandala, now in the State Hermitage, consists of a group of forty-nine bronzes out of the fifty-one deities that make up the mandala, see Marylin M. Rhie and Robert A. F. Thurman, The Sacred Art of Tibet, London, 1991, pp. 338-40.

The slightly larger Buddha with hands in abhisekana mudra, expressing the concept of ultimate reality and wisdom, represents the supreme Transcendental Dhyani Buddha Vairochana, who is portrayed either with this mudra or the dharmachakra mudra, the turning of the Buddhist Wheel of the Law, and either crowned or as an ascetic Buddha like the present example, cf. a fifteenth century crowned Vairocana Buddha sold in Sotheby's Paris, 10th June 2015, lot 39.  Vairocana is considered to be the universal form of Shakyamuni Buddha, and the practices associated with the deity were among the most important in the early development of Tantric Buddhism in Tibet.

Une statuette d’un Bogd Gegeen en bronze doré datant du XVIIIe siècle, représentant probablement le guide spirituel du XVIIe siècle, Zanabazar, nous emmène en Mongolie (lot 113, estimation : 60.000 – 3 80.000 €). Ses traits et son style sont caractéristiques des sculptures bouddhiques mongoles. Assise sur une haute base finement incisée de frises de rinceaux, la figure est exceptionnelle pour sa ressemblance avec un portrait connu et la qualité de sa fonte et de sa dorure. Elle incarne la vision esthétique au plus haut degré de la sculpture mongole de cette époque. 

An exquisite gilt-bronze figure of a seated Bogd Gegeen, possibly representing the 17th century Mongolian spiritual leader Zanabazar, made in Mongolia in the 18th century, represents the stylistic features and sculptural style of Mongolian Buddhist sculpture (lot 113, estimate 60.000 – 80.000 €). The figure is positioned on a high base, beautifully embellished with a chased border of scrollwork. The figure is unusual for the portrait-like rendering and the quality of the casting and gilding. It embodies the aesthetic vision of the best of Mongolian sculpture during this period. 

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Lot 113. Rare statuette d'un Bogd Gegeen en bronze doré, Mongolie, XVIIIe siècleEstimate 60,000 — 80,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

A fine and rare gilt-bronze figure of a Bogd Gegeen, possibly Zanabazar, Mongolia, 18th century

assis en vajrasana sur un haut socle rectangulaire ciselé de deux frises fleuries à l'avant et à l'arrière, la main droite levée devant la poitrine présentant un sceptre vajra et la gauche reposant sur son giron serrant une cloche ghanta, portant une longue robe monastique aux bordures rehaussées d'arabesques et une haute coiffe pointue de Lama, le visage finement rendu aux yeux peints et au sourire esquissé, la base scellée avec une plaque incisée et dorée d'un double vajra au centre - 17 cm, 6 3/4  in.

IMPORTANTS JADES IMPÉRIAUX DE LA DYNASTIE QING - IMPORTANT EXAMPLES OF QING IMPERIAL JADES

Un important disque archaïsant en jade blanc, marque et époque Qianlong (lot 153, estimation : 100.000 – 150.000 €) est l’un des lots phares de la vente. Finement travaillé, il fait partie d’un petit ensemble de plaques sculptées d’après un prototype de la dynastie Han. Plusieurs plaques à décor similaire, intégrant l’inscription « yi zi sun » (« au bénéfice de nos fils et petits-fils»), sont connues, la plupart sont conservées dans la collection du Musée National à Pékin, et rares sont celles détenues dans les collections privées. 

A rare archaistic white jade openwork plaque inscribed with the Qianlong mark is among the highlights of the jade group offered in the sale (lot 153, estimate 100.000 – 150.000 €). It is part of a small but distinct group of plaques made following a Han dynasty prototype. Several plaques of similar designs but incorporating the characters yi zi sun (‘to benefit our sons and grandsons forever’) are known, most in the Palace Museum in Beijing, and very few remaining in private hands

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Lot 153. Important rare disque archaïsant en jade blanc Marque et époque Qianlong (1736-1795)Estimate 100,000 — 150,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

A rare fineley carved archaistic white jade openwork 'yi zi sun' plaque, Incised four-character Qianlong mark and period, and numbered 'sheng-character series no. 147'

finement sculpté et ajouré de deux chilong au corps sinueux symétriquement opposés de part et d'autre de trois caractères stylisés yi zisun ('bénédictions pour les générations futures'), les bordures du disque rythmées de petits croissants de lune, le tout surmonté d'une figure assise sur un ibex entouré de volutes, le côté du disque inscrit à droite d'une marque de règne Qianlong nianzhi, et à gauche l'inscription sheng zi yi bai si shi qi hao (série sheng, no. 147), la pierre d'une belle couleur blanche uniforme au doux poli - 10,5 cm, 4 1/8  in.

Notes: This finely carved white jade plaque is part of a small but distinct group of white jade plaques finely incised with Qianlong nianzhi on the edge of the disc and on the other with a number in li shu style according to the characters in the text Qian zi wen ('Thousand characters Essay'), see James C. S. Lin, The Immortal Stone. Chinese Jades from the Neolithic to the Twentieth Century, Cambridge, 2009, pp. 84-87. The design of the disc itself closely follow a Han dynasty prototype illustrated by two Western Han dynasty openwork plaques of similar shape from the Qing Court collection illustrated in The Complete Collection of Treasures of the Palace Museum, vol. 40, Jadewares (I), Hong Kong, 1995, p. 257, nos. 215 and 216. 

Several plaques of similar size and slightly varying designs but incorporating the characters yi zi sun ('benefit our sons and grandsons forever') in seal script style are known, most of them in the collection of the Palace Museum, Beijing, others in private collections. 

An excavated plaque, very similar in design to the present plaque, which is dated to the Qianlong period and also incorporates the three characters yi zi sun in its design, is in the collection of the National Museum of China, Beijing, and illustrated in Zhongguo Guojia Bowuguan Guancang Wenwu Yanjiu Congshu - yuqi juan, Shanghai, 2007, p. 340, no. 281. Another, of similar type, in the Qing Court collection, which incorporates the four characters, changyi zisunin the lower section, is illustrated in The Complete Collection of Treasures of the Palace Museum - 42 - Jadewares (III), Hong Kong, 1995, p. 158, no. 127. A Qianlong period plaque, very similar to this latter plaque, formerly in the Oscar Raphael Collection, and carved with the four characters changyi zisun and inscribed liangzi yibai liushiba hao (liang-character series no. 168), is illustrated by James C. S. Lin in The Immortal Stone. Chinese Jades from the Neolithic to the Twentieth Century, Cambridge, 2009, pp. 84.

Three further plaques of this type have been sold at auction. The first, carved with four characters changyi zisun, inscribed with the same reign mark in li shu, clerical script, on the outer edge, and numbered renzi qishijiu hao (ren-character series no. 79), was sold at Christie's New York, 16th September 2010, lot 1094. The second, inscribed with the mark zhi zi yi bai liu shi jiu hao (zhi-character series no. 169), was sold at Sotheby's Hong Kong, 27th April 2003, lot 3, and was later included in the exhibition, A Romance with Jade from the De An Tang Collection, Palace Museum, Beijing, 2004, no. 21. The third, with the characters yang zi er bai hao (yang-character series no. 200), from the collection of L. de Luca, was sold at Sotheby's, Hong Kong, 8th April 2011, lot 2805.

Un rare brûle-parfum couvert archaïsant en jade blanc, Fang Ding, (lot 154, estimation : 120.000 – 150.000€) datant également de la période Qianlong, illustre la préférence pour les formes archaïques dans les arts décoratifs tout au long du XVIIIe siècle. Sculptéà partir d’un seul morceau de jade à la blancheur quasiment parfaite, ce brûle-parfum est exceptionnel par sa qualité. Provenant de l’ancienne collection de Monsieur Tchao Itao, ancien Consul Général de Chine à Paris autour de 1919-1924, ce brûle-parfum n’as pas été vu sur le marché depuis 1942, date de son acquisition à Drouot dans une vente comprenant d’autres jades importants.

A rare archaistic white jade censer also made under the Qianlong emperor of the Qing Dynasty, similarly illustrates the preference for archaic styles that dominated the decorative arts of the 18th century. Carved from a single piece of almost flawless white stone, this censer is outstanding for its quality (lot 154, estimate: 120.000 – 150.000 €). It was once owned by Tchao Itao, a fomer General Consul of China in France in ca. 1919-1924 and sold in Paris in 1942 in a dedicated sale featuring many other important jades.

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Lot 154. Rare brûle-parfum couvert archaïsant en jade blanc, fang ding, Dynastie Qing, époque Qianlong (1736-1795)Estimate 120,000 — 150,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

A fine and rare archaistic white jade censer and cover, fang ding, Qing dynasty, Qianlong period (1736-1795).

le corps et le couvercle à section rectangulaire finement sculptés sur les quatre faces de masques taotie en léger relief, rythmées par des arêtes crénelées, le bord souligné d'une fine frise de grecques, flanqué de deux larges anses évasées élégamment décorées de rubans entremêlés esquissant un ruyi au bout, le tout reposant sur quatre pieds cylindriques, la prise du couvercle rectangulaire évidée frangée de pétales de lotus, la pierre très blanche légèrement parsemée de petites inclusions rouille, socle en bois (3) - 17,2 cm, 6 3/4  in.

Provenance: Collection of Monsieur Tchao Itao, General Consul of China in France (active in Paris ca. 1919-1924).
Collection de Monsieur Tchao Itao, Ancien Consul Général de Chine à Paris, sold at Drouot, Paris, 16th April 1942, lot 103.
Acquired by the grandmother of the present owner.

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Collection de Monsieur Tchao Itao, Ancien Consul Général de Chine à Paris, sold at Drouot, Paris, 16th April 1942, lot 103.

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Notes: Carved from a single piece of almost flawless white stone of even tone, this censer is outstanding for its quality. Its form and design are inspired by archaic bronze fang ding made during the late Shang and Western Zhou dynasties. The archaistic style which emerged during the Yongzheng period and flourished under the Qianlong Emperor, dominated the arts of his reign, from porcelain to works of art crafted from various materials. Jade carvers working for the Imperial court during the Qianlong period were skilled adaptors and the present piece is a fine example of their interpretation of ancient forms to suit contemporary taste.

The Qianlong Emperor had a strong preference for wares that imitated antiquities and disapproval for the florid ‘new style’ is documented in palace records and poems that he composed. In the catalogue to the exhibition The Refined Taste of the Emperor. Special Exhibition of Archaic and Pictorial Jades of the Ch’ing Court, National Palace Museum, Taipei, 1997, p. 49, it is noted that the Emperor followed the literati aesthetic that developed in the Song dynasty, whereby the study and appreciation of antiques allowed scholars ‘to experience the artistic freshness and moral strength of the classical period. In turn, they hoped to invest their own generation with these values, thus enriching both art and public life’. In order to promote this the Emperor ordered the court to publish collections of drawings of antiquities and circulate them among craftsmen. 

A white jade fang ding of this type in the collection of the Asian Museum of San Francisco, is illustrated in René-Yvon Lefebvre d’Argencé, Chinese Jades in the Avery Brundage Collection, Tokyo, 1977, pl. LIII; and another, from the collection of Marcia Israel, was included in the exhibition Chinese Jade From Southern California Collections, Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, 1976, cat. no. 45. See also a fang ding with carved straight legs and upright rim handles, in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, included in the Museum’s exhibition Great National Treasures of China, Taipei, 1996, cat. no. 45; another in the De An Tang Collection, exhibited in A Romance With Jade, Palace Museum, Beijing, 2004, cat. no. 124, and sold in our Hong Kong rooms, 10th April 2006, lot 1757; a third from the collection of Rt. Hon. Sir Peter Blaker, sold in our Hong Kong rooms, 19th November 1985, lot 81; and a larger example, in the Palace Museum, Beijing, illustrated in Compendium of Collections in the Palace Museum. Jade, vol. 10, Qing Dynasty, Beijing, 2011, pl. 64.

Dans cette vente, un troisième objet impérial en jade reflète également la fascination de l’Empereur Qianlong pour les formes archaïques et anciennes. Un vase cornet archaïsant en jade vert de forme Gu, de la période Qianlong (lot 157, estimation : 80.000 – 120.000 €), incisé d’une marque de règne, est sculpté de haut relief de dragons à cinq griffes, un décor qui combine à merveille une forme de bronze ancien avec le style du XVIIIe siècle. Offert lors du départ en retraite du grand-père de l’actuel propriétaire en 1961, ce dernier le conserve jusqu’à aujourd’hui par descendance. 

A third Imperial jade vessel included in this sale also reflects the Qianlong emperor’s fascination with the past and archaic forms (lot 157, estimate 80.000 – 120.000 €). Carved of green jade in the form of a beaker, gu, and bearing a Qianlong mark at the base, this vase is deeply carved with sinuous fiveclawed dragons, a design that successfully combines an archaic bronze form with a contemporary 18th century style. Acquired in Paris before 1961, it was a retirement gift and passed down in the family to the present owner. 

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Lot 157. Rare vase cornet archaïsant en jade vert, gu, Marque et époque Qianlong (1736-1795)Estimate 80,000 — 120,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

A rare imperial green jade archaistic beaker vase, gu, incised six-character Qianlong mark and period (1736-1795).

la partie centrale globulaire finement sculptée en relief de deux dragons à cinq griffes poursuivant la perle enflammée sur fond de nuages au-dessus de flots tumultueux s'écrasant sur des rochers saillants, le pied et le col en trompette symétriquement sculptés d'une bande de rinceaux et de feuilles verticales, le bord et le pied de bandes de ruyi, perles et rinceaux, marque à six caractères incisée à la base - 26,4 cm, 10 3/8  in.

Provenance: Compagnie de la Chine et des Indes, Paris, before 1961.
Offered as a retirement gift to Monsieur P., 14th December 1961.
Thence in the family by descent.

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Notes: Form and decoration of the present green jade vessel successfully combine an archaic bronze form with contemporary style reflecting the emperor Qianlong's fascination with the past. It's shape may have been inspired by archaic bronzes in the imperial collection which were reproduced in the Xi Qing gujian (Mirror of Antiquity of the Western Qing), the 40 volume catalogue of the imperial collection of antiquities including archaic bronzes. 

The present vase is carved of a single piece of jade of large size and unusually uniform colour. The elongated form with its long flared neck and wide central bulb must have been extremely challenging to carve and hollow. As a result, the vase is less well hollowed but the design around the central bulb deeply carved, hence the surprising weight of the vase. 

Three vases of identical form, design and size have been sold at auction, the first at Sotheby's London, 12th November 1974, lot 50; the second at Sotheby's NY, 10th and 11th April 1986, lot 195; a third example was sold in Christie's Hong Kong, 28th November 2012, lot 2255. A rare pale celadon jade version of this type of vase was sold Sotheby's Hong Kong, 30th April and 1st May 1996, lot 619.

IMPORTANTE BOÎTE COUVERTE EN LAQUE BICOLORE SCULPTÉE RÉPUTÉE OFFERTE PAR L’EMPEREUR JIAQING A NAPOLÉON - AN IMPORTANT CARVED LACQUER SNUFF BOX AND COVER REPUTEDLY GIFTED BY THE JIAQING EMPEROR TO NAPOLEON

Une boîte en laque provenant d’une collection particulière européenne raconte une histoire fascinante (lot 183, estimation 150.000 – 250.000 €). Délicatement sculptée de fleurs de lotus et agrémenté d’une fine monture européenne en or rose et jaune, elle porte à l’intérieur de son couvercle une plaque d’or gravée d’une inscription, sous-entendant une provenance et une histoire illustres: “Tabatière faisant partie des présents envoyés par l’Empereur de la Chine à S.M. l’Empereur Napoleon à Ste. Helene, et qui lui a servit (sic) jusqu’à sa mort. Donnée par M r . le Cte. de Montholon à Mr. le Cte. Balbi de Piovera”. 

From a private European collection hails an important carved lacquer snuff box with a fascinating history (lot 183, estimate 150.000 – 250.000 €). Beautifully carved with lotus flowers and finely mounted in gold, an inscribed plaque on the inside cover hints at its illustrious provenance and history, informing us that ‘this snuff box was part of the gifts sent by the Emperor of China to his Royal Highness, the Emperor Napoleon at St. Helena, and served him until his death, hence given by the Count de Montholon to the Count Balbi de Piovera’. 

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Lot 183. Importante boîte couverte en laque bicolore sculptée Dynastie Qing, fin de l'époque Qianlong-époque Jiaqing (1736-1820)Estimate 150,000 — 250,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

An important carved polychrome lacquer box and cover, Qing dynasty, late Qianlong-Jiaqing period, with contemporaneous gold mounts and dedication.  

de forme chantournée, le couvercle délicatement sculpté en relief de fleurs, feuilles et cosse de lotus dans un étang, les côtés finement sculptés de frises à motifs hexagonaux contenant des fleurettes, le dessous et l'intérieur de la boîte laqués noir, les bords avec une délicate et riche monture européenne autour de 1830 en or rose et or jaune à décor de feuilles d'acanthes, le couvercle foncéà l'intérieur d'une plaque ovale en or portant l'inscription :

"Tabatière 
faisant partie des présents envoyés 
par l’Empereur de la Chine 
à S.M. l’Empereur Napoleon à Ste. Helene,
et qui lui a servit jusqu’à sa mort.
Donnée par Mr. le Cte. de Montholon
à Mr. le Cte. Balbi de Piovera"

11 cm, 4 1/4  in.

Provenance: Aisin Gioro Yongyan, the Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796-1820) (by repute only and according to the inscription on the inside cover of the box). 
Napoléon Bonaparte, Empereur Napoléon Ier (1769-1821) (by repute only and according to the inscription on the inside cover of the box). 
Charles-Tristan, Marquis de Montholon, Général de Montholon (1783-1853) (by repute only and according to the inscription on the inside cover of the box). 
Jacques-François-Marie, Marquis de Piovera, Comte de Balbi (by repute only and according to the inscription on the inside cover of the box). 
Thence by descent through the family of the Comte de Balbi to a member of the Thurn und Taxis family (by repute). 
Thence by direct descent to the present owner.

Notes: Two carved polychrome lacquer boxes of the same size and design formerly in the imperial collection, are illustrated in Lifting the Spirit and Body: The Art and Culture of Snuff Bottles, Taipei, 2012, IV-055 and IV-056 where the catalogue note refers to them as snuff boxes. 
The present box was formerly in the private collection of Mrs. Piera Tassis Fabbri, descendant of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis, famous for having founded the Imperial Reichspost (German Imperial Mail) in the late 15th century. The imperial postal services remained a monopoly of the family for over three centuries until the end of the Empire in 1806, but continued on as a prosperous private company until the second half of the 19th century. 

The Longwood snuff box

Upon their return to Paris in 1821, after six years of exil on the island of Saint Helena alongside Napoleon (Fig. 1), the General Count Charles-Tristan de Montholon (Fig. 2) and his wife Albine rejoice to see their friends again. Amongst them, Jacques François Balbi, son of the Countess of Balbi, mistress and favourite of the Count of Provence, future King of France Louis XVIII, in Versailles, before emigrating to Coblenz.

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Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780-1867), Napoléon Ier sur le trône impérial, musée de l’Armée. © image musée de l’Armée - Emilie Cam

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Edouard Henri Théophile Pingret (1788-1875), Le général comte C. T. de Montholon (1783-1853, Paris) - Musée de l’Armée. © image musée de l’Armée

J.F. Balbi was Charles de Montholon’s witness to his extravagant wedding to Albine de Vassal on July 2nd 1821 at the Draveil city hall, a small rural township in the county of Seine-et-Oise. At the time, Montholon was still an ambassador for Napoleon at Würzburg and the Emperor was opposed to his marriage to a young woman twice divorced and “not of impeccable reputation”. Madly in love, Montholon disobeyed orders and bribed the mayor of the township to commit several infractions to the Civil Code. Balbi was his accomplice. The Empire’s police force was not to be underestimated, and Napoleon was informed while in Moscou under siege : Montholon was dismissed from office, and the mayor of Draveil was removed and sentenced to one month in prison. This would not prevent Montholon, three years later, from becoming his aid on the Saint Helena camp, and Albine to become Napoleon’s mistress!

Renewing with his friend Balbi, Charles de Montholon, offered him this superb Chinese lacquer box, which he possibly brought back from Saint Helena. At that time (before the construction of the Suez Canal), Saint Helena, dubbed L’Auberge de l’Atlantique (the Inn of the Atlantic), was an important fuel stop on the sea route between Cape Town and Europe. Over nine hundred ships would make a stopover each year. Travellers from China, carrying works of art made in this mysterious far-away land, were frequent. Since pieces with history had added valuable, it is possible that Montholon told his friend that this box was part of an ensemble of presents offered by the Emperor of China Jiaqing to Napoleon and that the latter used it as a snuff box. Flattered by such a present, the Count of Balbi apposed on the inside of the cover a gilt plaque relating its illustrious provenance (Fig. 3 ), with unfortunately a spelling mistake (to “a servit”), leaving us to think that the inscription was perhaps made in a foreign country. The fine gold hinged mount which gives it its specificity and enhances its beauty was probably made in Italy in the 1830s. So how did this snuff box [1] reach Longwood?

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Vues de la maison de Longwood, lithographie en couleurs, Anonyme, musée des châteaux de Malmaison et de Bois-Préau© RMN-Grand Palais - André Martin

During the First Empire, France did not hold any diplomatic ties with China, and commerce in the Indian Ocean was ruled by the British Empire, masters of the seas. Napoleon only knew about contemporary China through – very critical – records of the Macartney mission [2], a best-seller in the 1800s of which one copy was in the Longwood library. On the other side, the Chinese only knew of Napoleon’s reputation: that of a great conqueror in Europe, much like Gengis Khan or Timur [3].

In April 1817, the Honorable John Elphinstone, supercargo of the East India Company, whose brother was treated upon Napoleon’s orders after being seriously injured the day before the Waterloo battle, sent Asian works of art to Saint Helena as a gesture of gratitude. The list included: a superb ivory chess set, a mother-of-pearl box of tokens, two finely carved porcelain baskets. But no lacquer box.

Early June 1817, an English traveller named Manning arrived on board a ship from China, where he visited Tibet and met the Great Lama, a very bright seven year old child. He wore a Tibetan robe and bore a long black beard. Napoleon wished to meet this strange traveller. Without Hudson Lowe’s consent, the meeting took place on June 5th at the house of the General Bertrand, and Napoleon declared himself quite disappointed by their conversation that did not teach him much. According to the General Bertrand, Manning offered him presents that he describes in his Cahiers as “junk (tea, Indian fans, etc.)” and on June 11th, Bertrand relates the arrival of four other crates from Mr. Manning, intended to the Emperor at Longwood House in Saint Helena (Fig. 4) and containing “tea, tobacco, coffee, Chinese fabric made of hemp, and two feather fans”. 

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École française XIXe siècle, Napoléon Ier dictant ses mémoires aux généraux Montholon (assis derrière la table au second plan) et Gourgaud (assis derrière la table au premier plan) en présence du grand-maréchal Bertrand et du comte de Las Cases, musées de l’île d’Aix. © RMN-Grand Palais (musées de l’Île d’Aix) - Gérard Blot

In History of the captivity of Napoleon at St. Helena , written in 1844, Montholon supplies more information : « June 13th. The Emperor had a long walk in the garden and, upon his return, he summoned us [his officers] to distribute presents that the traveller from Tibet sent him. A tea box was especially remarkable by the fineness of its craftsmanship. The Emperor gave it to the General Gourgaud (Fig. 5) as he said: “Send this to your mother with my regards. When it will be known in Paris that she possesses a relic from Saint Helena, everyone will rush to see it” ». Surely jealous of the preference granted to Gourgaud [4], Montholon did not mention which present he received. It could very well have been the lacquer box that he later offered to the Count of Balbi. 

However, Gourgaud relates a slightly different version in his journal: « June 13th. It’s already 7 pm when I see him [the Emperor]. He is busy handing out presents from the bearded man, and gives me ten yards of Chinese fabric made of hemp. Then, he gives the order to bring me two boxes of tea which were initially kept by him. I will send them to my mother. Everyone in Paris will know, everyone will want to drink tea from Saint Helena ». Tea box or box of tea?

Let us finally take a look at the mention « Emperor of China » under the cover! Did Montholon embellish the story or did Balbi extrapolate? This question brings us to recall the Amherst mission. Indeed, wishing to establish commerce in China like it did in India, the British Empire sent Lord Macartney on a mission to Beijing in 1793 to negotiate a diplomatic and commercial treaty. It ended as a complete failure. In 1816, the Empire tried once again, sending Lord Amherst, along with two dozen diplomats. Like his predecessor and upon his instructions, Amherst refused to bow to the local custom of kowtow, which stipulates that an ambassador should bow down nine times with the face against the ground in front of the Son of Heaven. Disembarked in Pei Ho, he was not authorized to go to Beijing and did not meet the Jiaqing Emperor. On his way back, he stopped at Saint Helena on June 28th 1817, less than a month after the traveller from Tibet. Napoleon, who believed that an ambassador should bow to local customs, desired to meet Amherst. The visit was delicate to plan but finally, Napoleon greeted him and they had a two-hour face to face. He asked questions about China, its laws and customs, religion, and charged him to convey to London his disapproval of Hudson Lowe’s behaviour towards him. We could contemplate the possibility of Napoleon receiving a present brought back from China by Lord Amherst. But this theory is not supported by any documented proof, contrary to the previous theory. Was it during this meeting with Lord Amherst that Napoleon, startled to learn that China’s population had already exceeded three hundred million people, pronounced the famous sentence : “Let her sleep, for when she wakes she will shake the World”. In fact, his sentence was pronounced circa 1920 by Lenin who is thought to have found it in an unpublished story or correspondence while conducting research at the British Library during his exile in London. The source has not been confirmed since [5] but the phrase became famous in 1973 when it was used by Alain Peyrefitte as the title of his major book on China under Mao Zedong.

Today, opening this box from Saint Helena, aren’t we witnessing Napoleon’s prophesy from true: hundreds of millions of Chinese men emerging, well awakened and ready to shake the world economy?

Jacques Macé

[1] According to the inventory established after his death by Louis Marchand, Napoleon possessed no less than thirty seven snuff bottles and box, but none in Chinese lacquer.

[2] Narrative of the British Embassy to China, in the years 1792,1793, and 1794, containing circumstances of the Embaassy, with accounts of the country towns, cities, etc, London, 1796.

[3]  Comte Emmanuel de Las Cases, Mémorial de Sainte-Hélène, Tuesday 26th March 1816.

[4] The animosity between Montholon and Gourgaud left a mark in the history of the Emperor’s captivity, until the departure of the latter in 1818 to prevent a duel. This is anecdote is yet another demonstration of this.

[5] Perhaps Lenin ripped out the page ?

La tabatière de Longwood

A leur retour à Paris en 1821, après leurs six années d’exil sur l’ile de Sainte-Hélène en compagnie de l’Empereur Napoléon 1er, le général-comte Charles-Tristan de Montholon et son épouse Albine retrouvent avec grand plaisir leurs amis. Parmi ceux-ci, Jacques François Balbi, fils de la comtesse de Balbi, maitresse et favorite à Versailles, puis en émigration à Coblenz, du comte de Provence, futur roi Louis XVIII.

 J.F.Balbi avait été l’un des témoins de Charles de Montholon lors du rocambolesque mariage de ce dernier avec Albine de Vassal le 2 juillet 1812 à la mairie de Draveil, petite commune rurale de Seine-et-Oise. En effet, Montholon était alors ambassadeur de Napoléon à Würzburg et l’Empereur s’était opposéà son mariage avec une jeune femme deux fois divorcée et « dont la réputation n’était pas intacte ». Follement amoureux, Montholon passa outre et soudoya le maire de la commune qui commit plusieurs infractions au Code civil. Balbi fut son complice. La police de l’Empire était bien faite et Napoléon, de mauvaise humeur, en fut informé dans Moscou incendié : Montholon fut démis de ses fonctions, le maire de Draveil limogé et condamnéà un mois de prison. Ceci n’empêcha pas Montholon de se retrouver trois ans plus tard aide de camp à Sainte-Hélène et Albine la dernière maîtresse de Napoléon !

Renouant avec son ami Balbi, Charles de Montholon, lui offre cette superbe boite en laque de Chine qu’il aurait ramenée de Sainte-Hélène. A cette époque (avant l’ouverture du canal de Suez), Sainte-Hélène, surnommée L’Auberge de l’Atlantique, constituait une importante escale de ravitaillement sur la route maritime entre Le Cap et l’Europe. Plus de neuf cents navires y faisaient escale chaque année. Le passage de voyageurs revenant de Chine, chargés d’objets en provenance de cette civilisation mystérieuse, y était fréquent. Toutefois, un objet d’art ayant d’autant plus de valeur qu’il possède une histoire, Montholon aurait racontéà son ami que cette boite faisait partie d’un lot de présents offert par l’empereur de Chine Jiaqing à Napoléon et que ce dernier l’avait un temps utilisé en tabatière. Flatté d’un tel présent, le comte Balbi fit apposer sur le fond du couvercle une plaque expliquant cette illustre origine, avec malheureusement une faute d’orthographe (a servit) qui laisse supposer que la gravure a été effectuée à l’étranger. C’est vraisemblablement aussi en Italie dans les années 1830 que la boite a été dotée d’une double et fine monture-charnière en or qui lui donne une spécificité et en rehausse l’éclat. Comment cette boite ou tabatière[1] a-t-elle pu parvenir à Longwood ?

Durant le Premier Empire, La France n’avait pas entretenu de relation diplomatique avec la Chine et le commerce dans l’Océan Indien était dominé par la Grande-Bretagne, maîtresse des mers. Napoléon ne connaissait guère la Chine contemporaine que par le récit, très critique, de la mission Macartney[2], best-seller des années 1800 dont un exemplaire se trouvait dans la bibliothèque de Longwood. De leur côté, les Chinois ne connaissaient de Napoléon que le nom, celui d’un grand conquérant en Europe comme celui de Gengis Khan ou de Tamerlan en Asie[3].

En avril 1817, l’Honorable John Elphinstone, directeur de la Compagnie des Indes à Bombay, dont Napoléon avait fait soigner le frère James grièvement blessé la veille de Waterloo, fit parvenir à Sainte-Hélène en geste de reconnaissance des objets d’art asiatique. Nous en connaissons la liste : un superbe jeu d’échecs en ivoire, une boite de jetons en nacre, deux belles corbeilles en porcelaine ciselée. Mais parmi eux, pas de boite en laque.

Début juin 1817, arriva à bord d’un navire venant de Chine un voyageur anglais nommé Manning, qui avait visité le Tibet et même rencontré le Grand Lama, alors enfant de sept ans fort intelligent. Il portait une robe tibétaine et une longue barbe noire. Napoléon souhaita rencontrer ce voyageur original. Faute d’accord d’Hudson Lowe, la rencontre eut lieu le 5 juin au domicile du général Bertrand et Napoléon se déclara d’ailleurs déçu d’une conversation qui ne lui apprit pas grand-chose. Selon le général Bertrand, Manning fit remettre à celui-ci des cadeaux qu’il qualifie, dans ses Cahiers, de « rogatons (thé, éventails de l’Inde, etc.) » et, le 11 juin, Bertrand cite l’arrivée de quatre autres caisses de M. Manning, destinées à l’Empereur et contenant : « thé, tabac, café, toile de Chine faite avec de l’herbe, et deux éventails en plume ».

Montholon dans ses Récits de la Captivité, écrits en 1844, complète utilement l’information : «  13 juin. L’Empereur s’est promené longtemps dans le jardin et, en rentrant, nous [ses officiers] a tous fait appeler pour nous distribuer les présents que le voyageur au Tibet venait de lui envoyer. Une boite à théétait surtout remarquable par la finesse de son travail. L’Empereur la donna au général Gourgaud, en lui disant : ‘‘Envoyez-la de ma part à votre mère. Quand on saura à Paris qu’elle possède une relique de Sainte-Hélène, tout le monde accourra pour la voir’’ ». Montholon, sans doute jaloux de la préférence accordée à Gourgaud[4], n’a pas cru bon de préciser le cadeau dont il a lui-même bénéficié. Il pourrait très logiquement s’agir de la boite en laque qu’il offrira plus tard au comte Balbi.

Gourgaud nous donne cependant dans son Journal une version légèrement différente : « 13 juin. Ce n’est qu’à 7 heures du soir que je le [l’Empereur] vois. Il s’occupe à distribuer les dons de l’homme à barbe et me donne dix yards d’une toile de Chine faite avec de l’herbe. Ensuite, il donne l’ordre que l’on me porte deux boites de thé qu’il avait primitivement gardées pour lui. Je les enverrai à ma mère, tout Paris le saura, chacun voudra boire du thé de Sainte-Hélène ». Boite à thé ou boite de thé ?

Explorons enfin la mention « l’empereur de Chine » sur le couvercle ! Est-ce Montholon qui a enjolivé, ou Balbi qui a extrapolé ? Cette question nous amène àévoquer la mission Amherst. En effet, souhaitant s’implanter en Chine comme elle l’avait fait en Inde, la Grande-Bretagne avait envoyé dès 1793 lord Macartney en mission à Pékin pour tenter de négocier un accord diplomatique et commercial. Ce fut un échec complet. Elle récidiva en 1816 avec la mission de lord Amherst, accompagné d’une vingtaine de diplomates. Comme son prédécesseur et selon ses instructions, Amherst refusa de se plier à la coutume du kowtow, prescrivant à un ambassadeur de se prosterner neuf fois le visage contre terre devant le Fils du Ciel. Débarquéà Pei Ho, il ne fut pas autoriséà aller à Pékin et ne rencontra pas l’empereur Jiaqing. Sur le chemin du retour, il s’arrêta à Sainte-Hélène le 28 juin 1817, moins d’un mois après le voyageur venant du Tibet. Napoléon, qui estimait pour sa part qu’un ambassadeur devait se plier aux coutumes locales, désirait fortement rencontrer Amherst et la visite fut délicate à organiser. Finalement, Napoléon reçut lord Amherst en tête-à-tête pendant près de deux heures ; il le questionna sur la Chine, ses lois et coutumes, la religion et le chargea de transmettre à Londres ses récriminations envers le comportement d’Hudson Lowe à son égard. Nous aurions pu envisager l’hypothèse de la remise à Napoléon par lord Amherst d’un souvenir de Chine, recueilli ensuite par Montholon. Mais cette hypothèse n’est pas étayée par une référence documentaire, à l’inverse de celle retenue ci-dessus. Est-ce au cours de cette entrevue avec lord Amherst que Napoléon, frappé de savoir que la Chine comportait déjà plus de trois cents millions d’habitants, prononça la sentence : « Laissons donc la Chine dormir car, quand la Chine s’éveillera, le monde tremblera ». En fait, cette phrase a été citée vers 1920 par Lénine qui l’aurait découverte dans un récit inédit ou une correspondance lors de ses recherches à la British Library durant son exil à Londres. La source n’a pas pu être ré-identifiée depuis[5] mais la phrase est devenue célèbre en 1973 quand elle a été reprise par Alain Peyrefitte en titre de son capital ouvrage sur la Chine de Mao Tsé-Toung.

Aujourd’hui, en ouvrant cette boite venue de Sainte-Hélène, ne voyons-nous pas se réaliser la prédiction de Napoléon, des centaines de millions de Chinois en surgissant, bien éveillés et bien décidés à faire trembler l’économie mondiale ?

Jacques Macé 

[1] D’après l’inventaire après décès, établi par le valet de chambre et exécuteur testamentaire Louis Marchand, Napoléon ne possédait pas moins de trente-sept tabatières, minutieusement décrites, mais aucune en laque de Chine.

[2] Relation de l’Ambassade de Lord Macartney en Chine, 1792-1794, avec la description des mœurs des Chinois, de l’intérieur du pays, des villes, etc. Nombreuses éditions.

[3]  Comte Emmanuel de Las Cases, Mémorial de Sainte-Hélène, date du mardi 26 mars 1816.

[4] L’animosité entre Montholon et Gourgaud a marqué l’histoire de la Captivité, jusqu’au départ du second en 1818 pour éviter un duel. Nous en avons encore ici une démonstration

[5] Lénine a peut-être emporté la page ?

 Vente jeudi 15 décembre à 10h30 & 14h30 - Exposition du 10 au 14 décembre 2016. Auction 15 december at 10h30 & 14h30 - Exhibition 10 - 14 december 2016

Spectacular 17-carat diamonf solitaire ring achieves $1,447,500 at Bonhams New York

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Lot 179. An important 17.97 carat diamond solitaire ring. Estimate US$ 1,000,000 - 1,500,000Sold for US$ 1,447,500 (€1,349,021)Photo: Bonhams.

NEW YORK, NY.- An important diamond solitaire ring, weighing 17.97 carats realized $1,447,500 at the Fine Jewelry auction at Bonhams on Dec. 6 in New York. The sale, which featured a strong group of sapphires and emeralds made a total of $6,381,000 in the 171-lot sale. 

Anticipation had been building for the moment when auctioneer Matthew Girling, Global CEO and Group Jewelry Director opened the bidding on the last lot of the sale, the 17.97 carat rectangular step-cut diamond solitaire ring. Estimated at $1,000,000-1,500,000, the platinum-mounted diamond - D color, VS1 clarity, Type IIa - attracted prospective buyers from around the world. After frenzied bidding, it was finally hammered down to a United States buyer on the phone. 

Susan Abeles, Director of Jewelry, Bonhams US, commented, “The success of the entire sale, including this top lot, illustrates the buoyancy of the Jewelry market. I am delighted at this exceptional result.” 

Additional diamond highlights include:  

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Lot 153. A diamond solitaire ring centering a pear-shaped brilliant-cut diamond, weighing 6.00 carats, with tapered baguette-cut diamond shoulders. Estimate US$ 75,000-125,000Sold for US$ 211,500 (€197,110). Photo: Bonhams.

accompanied by an 18k gold jacket, signed VCA; mounted in platinum; size 3 1/4

Accompanied by GIA report # 5171651112, dated May 24, 2016, stating the diamond as: D color, VS1 clarity 

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Lot 109. A diamond solitaire ring centering a marquise brilliant-cut diamond, weighing 11.93 carats, flanked with baguette-cut diamond shoulders. Estimate US$ 50,000-70,000Sold for US$ 181,250 (€168,918). Photo: Bonhams.

mounted in 14k white gold; size 6

Accompanied by GIA report # 2175905303, dated September 27, 2016, stating the diamond as: I color, SI1 clarity.

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Lot 170. A diamond ring centering a pear-shaped brilliant-cut diamond, weighing 5.19 carats, with tapered baguette-cut diamond shoulders. Estimate US$ 50,000-70,000. Sold for US$ 131,250 (€122,320). Photo: Bonhams.

mounted in platinum; size 7

Accompanied by GIA report # 2175817560, dated August 22, 2016, stating the diamond as: F color, VVS2 clarity.

STRONG SHOWING BY SAPPHIRES 
Bonhams also made waves with a rich blue Kashmir sapphire and diamond ring by Shreve & Co. dating from the 1900s, the cushion mixed-cut 7.12 carats gem sold for $931,500, hurdling past its estimate of $70,000-90,000. Susan Abeles, Director of Jewelry, Bonhams US, adds: “Fine and rare Kashmir sapphires typically display a velvety quality unique to the region as exemplified in this turn of the century example. They are among the most highly prized gems for serious collectors given their extreme rarity.” 

Lot 178. A 6.90 carats Kashmir sapphire and diamond ring, Shreve & Co., circa 1900. Estimate US$ 70,000 - 90,000 (€66,000 - 85,000). Sold for US$ 931,500 (€868,126)Photo: Bonhams.

A cushion modified mixed-cut sapphire weighing 27.49 carats, flanked by 4.95 carats diamonds reached $175,000 (estimate: $100,000-150,000). In addition, a sapphire and diamond pendant necklace belonging to a royal family – featuring an oval mixed-cut sapphire, weighing 25.26 carats – made $143,750 against an estimate of $80,000-120,000. 

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Lot 170. A sapphire and diamond ring centering a cushion modified mixed-cut sapphire, weighing 27.49 carats, flanked either side by triangular-shaped diamonds. Estimate US$ 100,000 - 150,000 (€94,000 - 140,000). Sold for US$ 175,000 (€163,094). Photo: Bonhams.

In the moments after the climatic and energetic sale, Abeles commented “The collection of property offered in this sale was beautiful; prices were strong for colored gemstones and diamonds. I am thrilled at the opportunity to offer this to our international community."

Sotheby's Paris to offer Early Chinese Jade and Hardstone Carvings on December 15

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Lot 33. Rare Disque archaïque cranté en jade, Xuanji, Période Néolithique - Dynastie Shang, ca. 2000-1500 avant J.-C. Estimate 15,000 — 25,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

PARIS.- Dernière vente de l’année chez Sotheby’s à Paris, la vente d’Arts d’Asie se tiendra le 15 décembre à la galerie Charpentier et s’organisera en deux temps. La première vacation consistera en la dispersion de jades archaïques chinois comprenant l’ancienne collection Max Loehr (1903 – 1988), l’un des plus éminents spécialistes occidentaux de l’art chinois. Elle sera suivie d’une seconde vacation qui comprendra 114 lots provenant de diverses collections européennes.

PARIS.- The last sale of the year at Sotheby’s Paris, the Asian Art sale will take place on December 15. The first session will offer at auction a group of early Chinese jade and hardstone carvings including the Collection of Max Loehr. Just after, 114 works from private collectors will be offered at auction. 

JADES ARCHAÏQUES DE CHINE COMPRENANT L’ANCIENNE COLLECTION MAX LOEHR - EARLY CHINESE JADE AND HARDSTONE CARVINGS INCLUDING THE COLLECTION OF MAX LOEHR 

La majorité des jades archaïques présentée dans cette vente provient de l’ancienne collection de Max Loehr (1903-1988), un des plus éminents savants occidentaux en art chinois ancien, dont l’intérêt et les recherches sur les jades archaïques, les bronzes et la peinture classique de Chine influencèrent l’apprentissage à venir de l’art chinois. Bon nombre des pièces de cette vente sont aujourd’hui présentes dans cette vente et offrent un rare aperçu du travail sur pierre et jade des cultures néolithiques et anciennes de Chine. 

The majority of the archaic jade and hardstone carvings offered in this sale come from the collection of Prof. Max Loehr (1903-1988), one of the most pre-eminent Western scholars of early Chinese art whose interests and research on Chinese archaic jades, bronzes and classical paintings forming and influencing later scholarship on Chinese art. Many of the examples included in this sale offer a rare insight into the early jade and stone-working cultures of Neolithic and early dynastic China.  

Un rare disque cranté en jade, xuanji, datant de la période néolithique ou du début de la dynastie Shang, est l’une des pièces majeures de la collection Loehr. A l’impeccable finition, sa forme est à la fois abstraite et moderne. Il appartient à un ensemble rare mais distinctif de jades anciens découverts dans des sites néolithiques dans l’est et l’ouest de la Chine (lot 33, estimation : 15.000 – 25.000 €).

A rare jade notched disc, xuanji, dating to the Neolithic or early Shang Period, is one of the highlights of the Loehr group. Beautifully finished, its shape is abstract and modern at the same time yet belongs to a small but distinct group of early jades recovered from Neolithic sites in western and eastern China (lot 33, Est. €15,000 – 25,000*).  

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Lot 33. Rare Disque archaïque cranté en jade, Xuanji, Période Néolithique - Dynastie Shang, ca. 2000-1500 avant J.-C. Estimate 15,000 — 25,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

A rare jade notched disk, xuanji, Neolithic period to Shang dynasty, ca. 2000-1500 BC 

les bords extérieurs sculptés de trois crans formant trois arcs de taille égale, ponctués de crêtes dentées et se terminant en une pointe légèrement arquée, le centre percé d'une large ouverture à bord concave, les côtés s'affinant vers le bord extérieur, la pierre de couleur vert olive à taches jaunes et brunes rehaussée d'une large marque trapézoïdale vert foncé au milieu. Diam. 11,1 cm, 4 3/8  in.

Provenance: Acquired in Beijing, October 1943 (according to Max Loehr's notes).
Collection of Prof. Max Loehr (1903-1988).
J. J. Lally & Co., New York, 1993.

ExhibitedEarly Chinese Jades. A Loan Exhibition Presented by the Museum of Art, University of Michigan, Alumni Memorial Hall, Ann Arbor, March 22 through April 22, 1953, no. 13.
Chinese Archaic Jades and Bronzes from the Estate of Professor Max Loehr and Others, J. J. Lally & Co., New York, 1993, no. 24.

LiteratureMax Loehr, Early Chinese Jades. A Loan Exhibition Presented by the Museum of Art, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1953, cat. no. 13, and illustrated on the cover.
J. J. Lally & Co., Chinese Archaic Jades and Bronzes from the Estate of Professor Max Loehr and Others, New York, 1993, cat. no. 24.

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Notes: Discs feature prominently among jade artifacts recovered from sites of the Neolithic Period to the Han dynasty. Among them, notched discs such as the present example, form a small but distinctive group. Defined by the deep notches that divide the circumference into segments, the earliest examples have been found in late Neolithic sites in eastern and western China. For an overview of notched discs, see Jessica Rawson, Chinese Jade. From the Neolithic to the Qing, London, 1995, pp. 160-162.

The beautifully finished present disc is comparable to other notched discs of similar size in Western collections formed in the 1930s and 1940. Compare, for example, two discs from the Winthrop Collection, illustrated in Max Loehr and Louisa G. Fitzgerald Huber, Ancient Chinese Jades from the Grenville L. Winthrop Collection in the Fogg Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1972, nos. 106 and 107, and a very similar notched disc of light green coloured jade from the Sonnenschein Collection, listed in Alfred Salmony, Archaic Chinese Jades from the Edward and Louise B. Sonnenschein Collection, Chicago, 1952, pl. XXXI.2. 

Egalement dans cette vente, un ornement en jade en forme de sabot de cheval datant de la période néolithique acquis par Max Loehr à Yamanaka Shokai à Pékin en 1944 (lot 23, estimation : 50.000 – 70.000 €). Réputé de Chifeng, en Mongolie intérieure, il correspond à un genre généralement associéà la culture Hongshan du nord-est de la Chine et aurait été utilisé comme un ornement ou ornement de coiffure. D’autres exemples sont souvent présents dans des collections occidentales pareillement formées dans la première moitié du XXe siècle.

Yet another rare Neolithic jade ornament in the form of a horseshoe was acquired by Max Loehr from Yamanaka Shokai in Beijing in 1944. Reputedly from Chifeng, Inner Monglia, it represents a type that is generally associated with the Hongshan culture of northeastern China and may have been used as a headdress or ornament. Other examples are well-represented in Western collections similarly formed in the first half of the 20th century (lot 23, Est. €50,000 – 70,000).  

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Lot 23. Rare Ornement en forme de sabot de cheval en jade Période Néolithique, Culture Hongshan, ca. 3500 avant J.-CEstimate 50,000 — 70,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

A rare jade hoof-shaped ornament, Neolithic period, Hongshan culture, ca. 3500 BC  

de section ovale et de forme tubulaire évidée, s'évasant légèrement vers un bord supérieur oblique, la pierre de couleur beige mouchetée d'inclusions blanches, brunes et noires, les fins côtés finement polis sur les deux faces, traces de terre sur les bords intérieurs. Haut. 13 cm, height 5 1/8  in.

Provenance: Discovered at Chifeng, Inner Mongolia (according to Max Loehr's notes). 
With Yamanaka Shokai (according to Max Loehr's notes). 
Acquired in Beijing, January 1944 (according to Loehr's notes). 
Collection of Prof. Max Loehr (1903-1988). 
J. J. Lally & Co., New York, 1993.

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ExhibitedChinese Archaic Jades and Bronzes from the Estate of Professor Max Loehr and Others, J. J. Lally & Co., New York, 1993, no. 20.

Literature: J. J. Lally & Co., Chinese Archaic Jades and Bronzes from the Estate of Professor Max Loehr and Others, New York, 1993, cat. no. 20.

Note: Several headpieces of this particular shape and size are known in private collections shaped in the first half of the 20th century, among them an example from the David David-Weill Collection, illustrated in Jean-Pierre Dubosc, Mostra d'Arte Cinese, Venice, 1954, cat. no. 185, and an example from the collection of Charles Vignier, illustrated in Otto Kuemmel, Ausstellung Chinesischer Kunst, Berlin, 1929, cat. no. 160. Yet another piece that was acquired by the Fogg Museum in 1943 from the Winthrop Collection, is illustrated in Max Loehr and Louisa G. Fitzgerald-Huber, Ancient Chinese Jades from the Grenville L. Winthrop Collection in the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1975, cat. no. 324. 

Une très longue et impressionnante lame cérémonielle en jade noir, aussi de la période néolithique, est représentative du travail du jade des cultures néolithiques de la Chine orientale et occidentale (lot 43, estimation : 80.000 – 120.000 €). Elle est remarquable par sa taille et la finesse de sa lame, suggérant qu’elle était plutôt destinée à un usage cérémoniel. Comme d’autres longues et fines lames en jade conservées dans des collections en Occident, cette pièce pourrait provenir d’un groupe découvert dans la province du Shaanxi au début du XXe siècle.

A very large and impressive black jade ceremonial knife-shaped blade also of Neolithic date, is representative of jade-working Neolithic cultures of eastern and western China. It is remarkable for its size and the extreme thinness of the blade suggesting it was made for ceremonial use. Like other examples of long thin jade blades known in Western collections, this piece may have come from a hoard in Shaanxi province discovered in the early part of the 20th century (lot 43, Est. €80,000 – 120,000).  

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Lot 43. Importante lame cérémonielle en jade, Période Néolithique,  ca. 2000-1200 avant J.-C. Estimate 80,000 — 120,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

An important large dark green jade ceremonial knife-shaped blade, Neolithic period, possibly North-West China, ca. 2000-1200 BC

la longue et fine lame quadrangulaire percée par le haut de trois orifices près du côté long coupé droit, le côté opposé légèrement arrondi au bord nettement taillé en biseau et s'évasant vers le bord inférieur oblique, la face inférieure plate, la pierre de couleur noire avec quelques inclusions laiteuses et brunes, la surface entière soigneusement polie. 48,5 cm, 19 1/8  in.

Provenance: Collection of A. W. Bahr (1877-1959), no. L 47.115.
The Pan Asian Collection, New York, offered as part of the Pan Asian Collection in Christie's New York, 1st December 1982, lot 205. 
Robert Hatfield Ellsworth, New York, 1995.

Notes: Large ceremonial blades carved from jade form an important object category among jade-working Neolithic cultures of eastern and western China. A magnificent and very large jade blade included in the 1975 Exhibition The Great Bronze Age of China, New York, 1980, no. 3, is generally considered one of the largest blades of this type. Like the present example, it is remarkable for its size and the extreme thinness of the blade. A number of slightly conical perforations parallel to and near the long side of the blade suggest a handle.

The present simple and plain blade with its carefully beveled cutting edge is carved from a very dark green, almost black jade. It is closely related to a group of jade ceremonial blades of similarly large size and colour discovered in a hoard in Shenmu Shimao, Shaanxi province, in the early part of the 20th century, that have been dated to between the late Neolithic and Shang period (ca. 2500-1200 BC). Quite a few of these long thin ceremonial blades entered Western collections shortly after the discovery of the hoard. Compare two blades in the collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, published in Harold Peterson, Chinese Jades: Archaic and Modern from the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, London, 1977, pp. 68-71, nos. 45 and 47; two further blades from the Sonnenschein Collection and now in the Art Institute of Chicago, are illustrated in Alfred Salmony, Archaic Chinese Jades from the Edward and Louise B. Sonnenschein Collection, Chicago, 1952, nos. 50.313 and 50.317. Another large jade blade also from the collection of A. W. Bahr and now in the Field Museum, Chicago, is illustrated in Berthold Laufer, Archaic Chinese Jades collected in China by A. W. Bahr now in the Field Museum of Natural History Chicago, New York, 1927, pl. V.1.

Parmi les nombreuses sculptures en jade en forme d’animaux, deux exemples se distinguent. Le premier, un petit buffle en jade noir et blanc datant de la fin de la dynastie Shang, remarquable par son exécution et son travail tridimensionnel (lot 10, estimation 12.000 - 15 000 €).

Among the many small animal-shaped jade carvings, two examples stand out. One is small black and white jade figure of a recumbent buffalo, dated to the late Shang period and notable for its elaborate and three-dimensional carving (lot 10, Est. €12,000 – 15,000).  

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 Lot 10. Rare Petit buffle en jade, Dynastie Shang - Dynastie des Zhou Occidentaux, ca. 1100-950 avant J.-C. Estimate 12,000 — 15,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's. 

A rare small grey and black jade figure of a recumbent buffalo, Shang dynasty to Western Zhou dynasty, ca. 1100-950 BC 

représenté allongé avec une tête large et stylisée, le museau percé, les cornes sculptées dans la partie noire de la pierre, le corps détaillé et bombé d'un côté, plat de l'autre, le jade de couleur blanche opaque rehaussée de noir - 4,5 cm, 1 3/4  in.

Provenance: Discovered in Anyang, Henan (according to Max Loehr's notes).
Dr. Otto Burchard (1892-1965), Beijing (according to Max Loehr's notes).
Acquired in Beijing, April 1944 (according to Max Loehr's notes).
Collection of Prof. Max Loehr (1903-1988).
J. J. Lally & Co., New York, 1993.

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ExhibitedEarly Chinese Jades. A Loan Exhibition Presented by the Museum of Art, University of Michigan, Alumni Memorial Hall, Ann Arbor, March 22 through April 22, 1953, no. 70.
Chinese Archaic Jades and Bronzes from the Estate of Professor Max Loehr and Others, J. J. Lally & Co., New York, 1993, no. 57.

Literature: Max Loehr, Early Chinese Jades. A Loan Exhibition Presented by the Museum of Art, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1953, cat. no. 70.
J. J. Lally & Co., Chinese Archaic Jades and Bronzes from the Estate of Professor Max Loehr and Others, New York, 1993, cat. no. 57.

Note: Small pendants or ornaments in the form of animals form a major category of jades in the Shang period and can be found in many of the major burials of high-ranking individuals. Among them, small carvings of bovines are rare. The present example is notable for its quite elaborate and three-dimensional carving. As noted by Jessica Rawson, it may be at the beginning of a tradition as these animal carvings became progressively flattened, see Jessica Rawson, Chinese Jade. From the Neolithic to the Qing, London, 1995, pp. 42-43. The buffalo itself may have been inspired by or copied from bronzes from the south and southwest.

Le deuxième, une très rare sculpture d’un animal fabuleux assis en jade jaune (lot 18, estimation : 100.000 – 150.000 €). D’un travail exquis et sculpté de façon naturaliste, cette petite créature, à l’allure d’un ours mais dotée de deux ailes et d’une corne proéminente, semble avoir un lien avec les créatures ailées venant du monde des esprits habitant l’iconographie des sculptures en jade et pierre de la dynastie Han et peu après des Six Dynasties. Si elle s’apparente aux animaux en jade archaïque, cette charmante créature peut tout aussi bien avoir été une copie d’une pièce ancienne faite durant la dynastie Song, lorsque l’intérêt pour les pièces antiques resurgit et inspira la fabrication de sculptures animales en jade (lot 18, estimation 100/150 000 euros).

The second is a very rare small yellow jade figure of a seated mythical beast. Exquisitely carved and realistically rendered, this small creature resembling a bear but with wings and a prominent horn, seems to have a connection with the mythical winged creatures of the spirit world inhabiting the traditions of jade and stone carvings of the Han and subsequent Six Dynasties period. While it has a close affinity with early jade animals, this charming creature may equally have been made as a copy of an earlier piece in the Song period when the resurgence of a more general interest in antiquity fuelled the appearance of small jade animal carvings (lot 18, Est. €100,000 – 150,000). 

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Lot 18. Rare animal fabuleux en jade jaune, Dynastie Song ou antérieurEstimate 100,000 — 150,000 €. Photo: Sotheby's.

A rare small yellow jade figure of a seated mythical beast, Song dynasty or earlier

la chimère au corps charnu sculptée assise en position de délassement, croquant à pleines dents dans une pêche tenue dans sa patte droite, sa patte gauche reposant sur son genou gauche plié, la tête au large museau et grands yeux, frangée de poils bouclés devant une double corne arquée émergeant de son front, l'arrière sculpté de deux fines ailes aux contours soigneusement détaillés retombant le long du dos, le pelage rehaussé de petits ronds et motifs quadrifoliés finement incisés, la queue commenceant en bas du dos et continuant sous la base, la pierre de couleur vert-jaune pâle rehaussée de rouille. Haut. 5 cm, height 2 in.

Provenance: J. J. Lally & Co., New York, 1993.

ExhibitedChinese Archaic Jades and Bronzes from the Estate of Professor Max Loehr and Others, J. J. Lally & Co., New York, 1993, no. 85.

Literature: J. J. Lally & Co., Chinese Archaic Jades and Bronzes from the Estate of Professor Max Loehr and Others, New York, 1993, cat. no. 85.

Notes: Small, exquisitely carved and realistically rendered jade animals were made from the Han dynasty until the early Qing dynasty. They form an important group made to be treasured and enjoyed. As noted by Jessica Rawson, very few of these carvings were buried in tombs, hence making the dating of many pieces almost impossible, judging wether such a piece was made as an early example or was made as a copy in subsequent periods. We know that at least from the Song period, copying was encouraged, fuelled by the resurgence of a more general interest in antiquity, see Jessica Rawson and John Ayers, Chinese Jade throughout the Ages, London, 1975, pp. 14-17. Compilations on ancient jades and bronzes such as the Kaogu tu by Lu Dalin of 1057, and the Gu yu tu by Ju Dejun of 1341, provided information on antiquities ranging from archaic bronzes and jades to sculpure from which designs could be derived. 

The present carving of a winged mythical creature resembling a bear seems to have a connection with the mythical winged creatures of the spirit world inhabiting the traditions of jade and stone carvings of the Han and subsequent Six Dynasties period. From at least the Han dynasty, jade was firmly associated with immortality, was connected with beliefs in spirits, omens and immortals. Winged creatures of animal and human form inhabited the universe of the Han and Six Dynasties period, and were an integral part of the decorative repertory of the period. Winged creatures were similarly carved in jade, forming a small but distinct group. Among the rare examples known is a group of jade carvings including a bird, a bear, mythical beasts and a winged horse with a rider found in the tomb of the Western Han emperor Yuandi (r. 48-33 BC) at Xianyang near present-day Xian, published in Zhongguo yuqi quanji, vol. 3, Shijiazhuang, 1991-1993, nos. 147, 150 and 151, a winged feline dated to the Six Dynasties period, illustrated in Jessica Rawson and John Ayers, Chinese Jade throughout the Ages, London, 1975, cat. nos. 178-196, and a powerfully carved yellow jade figure of a winged beast, formerly in the collection of Xu Hanqing, sold Sotheby's Hong Kong, 6th April 2016, lot 3025. 

The present jade figure closely resembles a bear but with wings and a horn on its head. While several small jade figures of bears are known, compare the jade bear from the Hotung Collection, illustrated in Jessica Rawson, Chinese Jade. From the Neolithic to the Qing, London, 1995, p. 359, cat. no. 26:3, or a small figure of a jade bear in the British Museum collection, ibid., p. 350, fig. 1, the present jade carving interestingly shares the wings and horn with a flat calcified jade carving of a bear, recently discovered in the tomb of the Marquis of Haihun (d. 59 BC) near Nanchang in Jiangxi province, published in Kaogu, 2016.7, p. 59, fig. 47 (Fig. 1). 

While the present winged creature has a close affinity with these Han and Six Dynasties jades, the carving is visibly softer, more playful revealing in points of detail an awareness of and respect for the conventions of the past while adding a touch of individuality. While there is a good reason to date the present jade figure of a winged mythical beast to the Han period, it cannot be assigned to the Han period unconditionally.

Ventes jeudi 15 décembre à 10h30 & 14h30 - Exposition du 10 au 14 décembre 2016


The Frick Pittsburgh's world class collection highlighted in new exhibition and book

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Peter Paul Rubens, Portrait of Charlotte-Marguerite de Montmorency, Princess of Condé, c. 1610. Oil on canvas. Frick Art & Historical Center. © 2015 Frick Art Museum & Historical Center of Pittsburgh

PITTSBURGH, PA.- The Frick Art & Historical Center is currently presenting the first exhibition in eight years to focus exclusively on its permanent collection. On view through May 14, 2017 at The Frick Art Museum, The Frick Collects: From Rubens to Monet celebrates the works of fine and decorative art at the heart of the Frick experience. Admission is free. 

Designed to bring renewed attention to the depth and breadth of the Frick’s collection—from bachelor purchases by Henry Clay Frick, through his daughter Helen’s work to ensure the creation of The Frick Art Museum and the preservation of Clayton, and to more recent museum acquisitions, The Frick Collects: From Rubens to Monet features many of the museum’s most significant objects and tells the story of the Frick today and how it has evolved from its founding collections. 

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Arthur Davis (1712-1787), Sir Joshua Vanneck and His Family, 1752. Oil on canvas. Frick Art & Historical Center© 2015 Frick Art Museum & Historical Center of Pittsburgh

Accompanying The Frick Collects: Rubens to Monet is a new 120-page guide to the collection, produced in collaboration with Scala, specialists in museum publications. The Frick Pittsburgh, A Guide to the Collection is the first publication since 1993 to focus on The Frick Pittsburgh’s permanent collection. Featuring an introduction by Frick Director Robin Nicholson and contextual essays by Director of Curatorial Affairs Sarah Hall and Associate Curator of Decorative Arts Dawn Reid Brean, it is available for purchase at The Frick Museum Store for $16.95 retail ($15.26 for members). The accompanying publication is generously underwritten by The Richard C. von Hess Foundation. 

Frick Director Robin Nicholson comments, “Regular visitors to the Frick are familiar with the spectacular Rubens portrait that is regularly on view at The Frick Art Museum and likely know the dazzling Monet that typically hangs in the sitting room at Clayton. The Frick Collects features these iconic works and other extraordinary paintings and decorative arts from the collection, as well as more recent acquisitions, such as Meissonier’s 1806, Jena. By bringing these works together in our exhibition galleries, we are putting the spotlight on our own world-class collection, and taking the opportunity to tell more of our own stories—both about individual objects and about the Frick as a whole.” 

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Claude Monet (1840–1926), Banks of the Seine at Lavacourt (Bords de la Seine a Lavacourt), 1879. Oil on canvas. Frick Art & Historical Center© 2015 Frick Art Museum & Historical Center of Pittsburgh

The Frick Collects: From Rubens to Monet is composed of 42 paintings, 26 decorative arts pieces, nine pieces of furniture, six works on paper, and three examples of sculpture, and is organized by acquisition date, allowing visitors to perceive the development of the collection, from Henry Clay Frick’s earliest purchases to recent museum acquisitions. Thematic sections include: From Apartment to Starter Home: The Collecting Begins, covering the years 1881 to 1892; The Confident Collector, encompassing purchases made through the 1890s to around 1906; Collecting with Ambition, which includes important purchases made from other collections and covers the years when Frick was purchasing with the intention of creating a public gallery; Her Father’s Daughter, which elucidates Helen Clay Frick’s collecting interests; and, Expanding the Legacy, which includes the establishment of The Frick Art Museum and acquisitions made since the museum’s founding.

Through May 14, 2017

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Antip I. Kuzmichev (Russian, 1856–1917) for Tiffany & Co, Tea set, 1892. Frick Art & Historical Center. © 2015 Frick Art Museum & Historical Center of Pittsburgh

Exhibition at Martin Gropius Bau honors Robert Doisneau

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Robert Doisneau, Le Baiser de l’Hôtel de Ville Paris, 1950. © Atelier Robert Doisneau, 2016.

BERLIN.- Very few photographers have become famous through a single picture. “Le Baiser de l'Hôtel de Ville” (The Kiss by the Hôtel de Ville) is such a picture, which Robert Doisneau (1912–1994) took in March 1950 in front of a Parisian street café in the Rue de Rivoli. The image of the couple kissing was a work commissioned by LIFE magazine. Although it was staged, it contains an entire story: It became the symbol of Paris as the “city of love”. It is one of the iconic photographs of the 20th century.  

However, Doisneau’s oeuvre is much deeper and more complex. It is comprised of approximately 350,000 photographs, including professionally crafted shots and others which have the force and charisma of an artistic solitaire. He worked as a photojournalist for the major magazines such as Vogue, Paris Match, Le Point and LIFE. His most famous photographs were shot while wandering through the French metropolis. The exhibition provides an inside view of Doisneau’s work with around 100 selected photographs most of them takenduring the 1940s and 50s. It shows his fascination for the normal, for the petit bourgeois and for the melancholic and fragile.  

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Robert Doisneau, La dernière valse du 14 juillet, 1949© Atelier Robert Doisneau, 2016

During the first half of the 20th century, Paris was one of the leading art metropolises of the world. The French capital attracts artists from all nations as it is multi-faceted and an ideal environment to capture in snapshots. Artists such as Henri Cartier-Bresson, Brassaï, André Kertész, Martin Munkácsi, Germaine Krull, Robert Doisneau, use the new technical features of a camera with short exposure time and cultivate a photography of the moment. They focus on people and on a parallel trend, illustrating the increasing invasion of public life into the private sphere and making the private, intimate and personal visually public. Achieving this moment requires new aesthetic value measures. The relegation of the remaining is no longer the focal point of attention but rather the beauty of spontaneity becomes more and more noticeable.  

Doisneau’s clients were photo agencies, fashion magazines and revues. They looked for photojournalists whose photographs can convey a momentary event comprehensively and with their own impressions. Doisneau delivered.  

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Robert Doisneau, Hommages respectueux, 1952© Atelier Robert Doisneau, 2016

He prowled around the centre and outskirts of Paris with his Rolleiflex in his spare time. He was concerned with securing evidence. He did this less systematically than his great role model Eugène Atget (1857–1927), who catalogued street by street with his unwieldy large-format camera. Doisneau, however, was concerned with the atmosphere itself. He photographed building facades, interior rooms, quays, children playing, passers-by, wedding couples and moments that are often condensed into a sentimental story. He befriended intellectuals, journalists and poets like Robert Giraud (1921–1997), Jacques Prévert (1900–1977) and Blaise Cendrars (1887–1961). They took him with them to bars and music halls. In 1949, he published the book “La Banlieue de Paris“ (The Suburbs of Paris) with Blaise Cendrars.  

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Robert Doisneau, Mademoiselle Anita, 1951© Atelier Robert Doisneau, 2016

Doisneau was born in the suburb in the small village of Gentilly southwest of Paris in 1912. He finished his studies at the École Estienne in Paris in 1928 with a diploma in lithography and engraving. He first worked as an assistant to the “Encyclopédie photographique de l’art“ photographer and publisher André Vigneau (1892–1968) in 1931 and then as a factory photographer for the car manufacturer Renault between 1934 and 1939. He stopped working for Renault to become a freelance photojournalist at the renowned Rapho Agency. During the Second World War, he documented daily life in occupied and later liberated Paris. He wanted his work to be understood as an encouragement to life.  

To this day, Robert Doisneau stands for what is called “humanist photography“: a photography, which turns to people in their everyday life. The surprising moments of everyday life in the big city of Paris made him one of the most important chroniclers of the 20th century.

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 Robert Doisneau, La mariée chez Gégène, 1946© Atelier Robert Doisneau, 2016

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Robert Doisneau, Les 20 ans de Josette, 1947© Atelier Robert Doisneau, 2016

An elegant diamond necklace, by Graff

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Lot 270. An elegant diamond necklace, by Graff. Estimate USD 400,000 - USD 600,000. Price Realised USD 487,500 © Christie's Images Ltd 2016.

Designed as three connected rows of pear-shaped, marquise and circular-cut diamonds, the largest diamonds ranging in weight from approximately 1.53 to 0.87 carats, 14 ins., mounted in platinum, in a Graff navy leather case and envelope case. Signed Graff, no. 3790 

Accompanied by fourteen reports dated from 11 August 2000 to 1 March 2001 from the GIA Gemological Institute of America stating that fourteen of the pear-shaped diamonds, weighing from approximately 1.02 to 1.53 carats, range from D to G color, and from VVS1 to SI1 clarity 

With four reports dated from 30 January 2001 to 12 April 2001 from the GIA Gemological Institute of America stating that four of the marquise-cut diamonds, weighing from approximately 0.87 to 1.04 carats, range from D to G color, and from VVS1 to VS2 clarity

Christie's. Magnificent Jewels, 7 December 2016, New York, Rockefeller Plaza 

Het Noordbrabants Museum acquires exceptional watercolour by Vincent van Gogh

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Vincent van Gogh, The garden of the vicarage at Nuenen, 1885, Het Noordbrabants Museum, ’s-Hertogenbosch

'S-HERTOGENBOSCH.- Het Noordbrabants Museum recently acquired from a private collection The garden of the vicarage at Nuenen by Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890). The work of October-November 1885 is the last known watercolour Van Gogh produced in Nuenen and occupies a special place in his oeuvre. This acquisition – the most important purchase ever made by Het Noordbrabants Museum – underlines our ambition to offer a representative overview of Van Gogh’s Brabant period by means of original works by the artist. The purchase of The garden of the vicarage at Nuenen was made possible by the generous support of the BankGiro Lottery, the Mondriaan Fund, the VSB Foundation, the Friends of Het Noordbrabants Museum, the Renschdael Art Foundation and Coen Teulings. The BankGiro Lottery donated almost half of the total purchase price of over 1 million euros. To celebrate its acquisition, Het Noordbrabants Museum is offering free admission to the public on Saturday, 10 December from 11 am to 5 pm. 

Its importance to Dutch cultural heritage 
Vincent van Gogh lived with his parents in the vicarage at Nuenen for nearly a year and a half. The garden behind the vicarage was one of his favourite spots, and he produced a number of works there, some of them very ambitious indeed. This watercolour occupies an important place in Van Gogh’s oeuvre for a variety of reasons. In a letter to his brother Theo, Vincent wrote: ‘I’ve also made another autumn study of the pond in the garden at home. There’s definitely a painting in that spot.’ In fact, Van Gogh did make a large painting based on this drawing, but it was lost in the Second World War and is known only from black-and-white reproductions. The watercolour drawing gives a rough idea of the palette of the lost painting. Both works were intended to be used as examples for a well-conceived, complex figure piece, the kind of picture that Van Gogh had been wanting to make from the beginning of his artistic career. It is, moreover, his first experiment with a subject that he would also depict in Paris and Arles: strolling figures and couples in an attractive garden or a poetic park setting. As one of his last Nuenen works (and the only drawing), this sheet displays the brighter colours that Van Gogh began to use after visiting the Rijksmuseum in early October 1885. Studying the Old Masters there had made him realise that he had gone too far in his preference for a dark palette. Back in Nuenen, he immediately set to work, bearing in mind his new insight; this resulted in the appealing (and well-preserved) coloration of this work. The watercolour was presumably acquired in 1903 by the renowned art critic and lecturer H.P. (Hendrik) Bremmer, who later became adviser to Helene Kröller-Müller; after Bremmer’s death in 1956 it became the property of his heirs. Around 1969 the work ended up in the collection from which it was recently acquired through the art dealer Ivo Bouwman. 

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The garden of the vicarage at Nuenen presentation.

Its importance to Noord-Brabant 
In ‘Van Gogh Brabant’, five cultural heritage institutions in the province of Noord-Brabant – the Van Gogh Village in Nuenen, Vincents Tekenlokaal in Tilburg, the Van Goghkerk in Etten-Leur, the Vincent van Gogh House in Zundert and Het Noordbrabants Museum in ’s-Hertogenbosch – have joined forces to preserve and share Van Gogh’s cultural legacy in Brabant. There is increasing collaboration with ‘Van Gogh Europe’, a joint Dutch, Belgian and French venture, the goal of which is to preserve and promote Van Gogh’s legacy in this international context. The purchase of the watercolour also fits in with the intention of the province of Noord-Brabant to pursue a more active policy in the coming years to link Van Gogh more explicitly to Brabant. Interestingly, the new acquisition actually depicts one of the Van Gogh cultural heritage sites in Brabant. 

Van Gogh in Het Noordbrabants Museum 
Het Noordbrabants Museum is the only museum in the southern part of the Netherlands to exhibit original works by Vincent van Gogh. They are on display in Het Verhaal van Brabant (The Story of Brabant): to be exact, in a pavilion devoted to Van Gogh and his Brabant period. In addition to the one painting in its possession (Peasant Woman Digging), the museum has, among others, two works on permanent loan from the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands) and several works on temporary loan from the Van Gogh Museum. The new acquisition will be added to the display in the Van Gogh pavilion. Owing to its fragility, the watercolour will now be shown only until 19 March 2017. After a few months of rest, it will return to a specially built display case, where it can be viewed for longer periods. 

Free admission on Saturday, 10 December 
To celebrate this purchase, Het Noordbrabants Museum is offering free admission to the public on Saturday, 10 December from 11 am to 5 pm. The festive occasion will be celebrated in style with various activities: live music in the forecourt (Voorplein), a ‘green screen’ photo studio, where visitors can figure in a scene of the vicarage garden, and an explanatory talk given by curator Helewise Berger at 12 and 2 pm in the Statenzaal. The first 500 visitors will receive a free snack. 

Van Gogh Examined – presentation of research results 
Between 1884 and 1888, Van Gogh re-used his canvases with some regularity. Het Noordbrabants Museum wishes to know more about what is beneath the paint layer of a number of works in the permanent display. For this reason, five paintings will be examined by means of X-radiography, infrared photography, infrared reflectography and raking light photography. The exhibition Van Gogh Examined (24 June 2017 – 21 January 2018) will present the results of this research.

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The garden of the vicarage at Nuenen with curator Helewise Berger.

A 'Cizhou' painted 'Dragon and Phoenix' jar, Yuan dynasty (1279–1368)

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A 'Cizhou' painted 'Dragon and Phoenix' jar, Yuan dynasty (1279–1368)

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Lot 521. A 'Cizhou' painted 'Dragon and Phoenix' jar, Yuan dynasty (1279–1368). Estimate 50,000 — 70,000 HKD. Lot sold 62,500 HKD.  Photo Sotheby's.

vividly painted to the exterior with a dragon and a phoenix amidst dense clouds, each enclosed in a panel, divided by swiftly drawn flowers, all below a band of chrysanthemum scrolls around the shoulder - 29.1 cm, 11 1/2  in.

Note: A jar of this type, in the Kazuo Museum, Liaoning province, is illustrated in The Complete Works of Chinese Ceramics. Liao, Western Xia, Jin, vol. 9, Shanghai, 1999, pl. 179; another in the Cleveland Museum of Art, was included in the exhibition Freedom of Clay and Brush through Seven Centuries in Northern China. Tz'u-chou Type Wares, Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1980, cat. no. 93, illustrated with a related jar recovered underneath the walls of the Yuan capital, present-day Beijing, fig. 269; compare also a jar sold in these rooms, 24th/25th November 2014, lot 1010.

A 'Cizhou' painted 'Dragon and Phoenix' jar, Yuan dynasty

A 'Cizhou' painted 'Dragon and Phoenix' jar, Yuan dynasty

A 'Cizhou' painted 'Dragon and Phoenix' jar, Yuan dynasty (1279–1368). Estimate 50,000 — 70,000 HKD. Sold for 112,500 HKD at Sotheby's Hong Kong, 24th/25th November 2014, lot 1010. Photo Sotheby’s.

Cf. A ‘Cizhou’ painted ‘Dragon and Phoenix’ jar, Yuan dynasty

Sotheby's. Chinese Art, Hong Kong, 02 Dec 2016

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