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A small Qingbai drum-form jar and cover, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)

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A small Qingbai drum-form jar and cover, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)

Lot 533. A small Qingbai drum-form jar and cover, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279); 3 in. (7.6 cm.) diam. Estimate USD 4,000 - USD 6,000. © Christie's Images Ltd 2018

The jar is applied with a row of small bosses around the foot and with two ring handles at the sides. The cover is similarly applied around the sides with a row of bosses and is carved on the top with a leafy flower stem. The cover and jar are covered with a pale blue glaze pooling in the recesses, Japanese wood box.

Christie's. The Classic Age of Chinese Ceramics - The Linyushanren Collection, Part III, 22 March 2018, New York


A carved Qingbai brush washer, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)

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A carved Qingbai brush washer, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)

Lot 534. A carved Qingbai brush washer, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279); 5 ¼ in. (13.3 cm.) diam. Estimate USD 4,000 - USD 6,000. © Christie's Images Ltd 2018

The shallow washer is potted with short, flaring sides, and is carved in the interior with three peony blossoms borne on and enclosed within scrolling, leafy stems. The washer is covered overall with a pale blue glaze which pools to a darker color in the recesses, and stops below the unglazed rim, cloth box.

Christie's. The Classic Age of Chinese Ceramics - The Linyushanren Collection, Part III, 22 March 2018, New York

An incised Qingbai foliate-rim dish, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)

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An incised Qingbai foliate-rim dish, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)

Lot 535. An incised Qingbai foliate-rim dish, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279); 7 1/8 in. (18.2 cm.) diam. Estimate USD 4,000 - USD 6,000. © Christie's Images Ltd 2018

The bowl is thinly potted with flaring sides rising to a slightly everted rim cut with six notches. The interior is freely carved with three geese swimming between three lotus blossoms, and the bowl is covered inside and out with a pale blue glaze which pools to a deeper color in the recesses. The base is unglazed and burnt orange-brown in the firing, Japanese wood box.

Christie's. The Classic Age of Chinese Ceramics - The Linyushanren Collection, Part III, 22 March 2018, New York

Dr. Robert R. Bigler at Asia Week New York, 15-24 march 2018

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Stupa. China, Tibeto-Chinese style, Yuan, ca. early to mid-14th century. Mercury gilt copper alloy. Height: 16.7 cm (6.57 in.). © Dr. Robert R. Bigler

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Green Tara. China, Tibeto-Chinese. Yuan, 14th century. Gilt copper alloy. © Dr. Robert R. Bigler

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Vajra. Mercury gilt copper alloy. China, Tibeto-Chinese style. Ming, first quarter of the 15th century. Length: 17.7 cm (6.97 in). © Dr. Robert R. Bigler

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Brocade silk canopy depicting the Astamangala. China, Tibeto-Chinese style. Ming, ca. mid-15th century. Dimensions: 86.3 x 83.8 cm (34 x 33 in). © Dr. Robert R. Bigler

Dr. Robert R. Bigler. Exhibiting at Dickinson Roundell Inc., 19 East 66th Street, New York 10065. T (212) 772 8083 - M +41 79 336 1459 - robert.bigler@cwmail.ch - bigler-finearts.com

A rare large 'Longquan' celadon barbed 'Pomegranates' dish, Ming dynasty, late 14th-early 15th century

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A rare large 'Longquan' celadon barbed 'Pomegranates' dish, Ming dynasty, late 14th-early 15th century

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Lot 101. A rare large 'Longquan' celadon barbed 'Pomegranates' dish, Ming dynasty, late 14th-early 15th century; Diameter 18½ in., 47.2 cm. Estimate 350,000 — 550,000 USD. Photo: Sotheby's

sturdily potted, the shallow, widely flared sides rising from a tapered foot, alternately lobed and barbed inside and out into sixteen brackets, finely carved to the center with a pomegranate tree bearing two large fruits, one split to reveal the seeds within, and issuing blooming floral buds, all framed within a barbed hexafoil medallion and pairs of intertwined leaves, each of the barbed panels at the cavetto enclosing a floral spray, with a continuous lingzhi scroll encircling the lipped rim, the underside of the rim similarly carved with a leafy scroll above further floral sprays, covered overall with an even translucent glaze of soft sea-green tone with the exception of the wide ring on the recessed base burnt russet in the firing. 

Provenance: Sotheby’s London, 9th July 1974, lot 158.
Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Jack Chia.
Sotheby’s Hong Kong, 5th November 1996, lot 636.

ExhibitedSouth-East Asian and Chinese Trade Pottery, The Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Museum of Art, 1979, cat. no. 14.

LiteratureJulian Thompson, ‘Chinese Celadons’, Arts of Asia, November-December 1993, p. 70, fig. 15.

NoteHighly impressive in its size, yet exquisite in its very rare decoration, this dish is a true masterpiece. With its superior craftsmanship it stands out among other Longquan dishes known from the early Ming dynasty (1368-1644) and may have been specially commissioned by the court as an imperial gift to an important foreign potentate. No other large dish with this design appears to be recorded.

The fine quality of the glaze and carving, and the crisp molding are characteristic traits of Longquan’s best early Ming productions. Shards of similar dishes have been found at Longquan excavation sites in Zhejiang province, which have been identified as imperial Ming dynasty kilns. Particularly the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao in Longquan has yielded many dish fragments revealing similar strong bodies of fine quality, usually carved with intricate decorations very similar to those found on blue-and-white and underglaze-red wares of Jingdezhen. Of such large size, fine quality and sophisticated pattern, these fragmented pieces were clearly unlike the regular Longquan ware meant for daily use.

Officially, Longquan began its manufacture of imperial ware in the 26th year of Hongwu (1394, r. 1368-1398) and continued until the 1st year of Chenghua (1465). During this period, Longquan production was under close court supervision. Only the best pieces survived, while the rest was smashed to pieces. The prefectural city of Huai’an in Jiangsu province appears to have been a center where the ultimate selection of court-commissioned Longquan ware took place. It was the seat of the Director-General of Water Transport at the time and the location from where the successfully completed pieces were transported via the Grand Canal up to the capital.

Large-sized vessels, such as the present dish, commissioned by the court, were predominantly made to meet foreign taste. They played an important role in the emperor’s control of foreign trade and tributary relations. Upon his ascension to the throne in 1368, the Hongwu Emperor ordered that foreign diplomatic and trade contacts should be conducted through official government channels only, in the form of a tributary system. Further into his reign, these initial regulations became considerably less strict, as evidenced by the many Longquan pieces found outside China. The Longquan kilns, spreading over a large part of Zhejiang province and even further into the neighboring province of Fujian, were indeed conveniently located to reach the trade ports of Wenzhou and Quanzhou from where the merchandise could be shipped to foreign markets in the Far East, Southeast Asia and India, the Middle East and even as far as Africa.

The Ottoman court in Istanbul was particularly keen on the rich, lustrous green glaze of celadon and the large size of the vessels suited Middle Eastern eating habits perfectly. Highly treasured, the best pieces were strictly reserved for the sultan and for special occasions. Valued and prized, they were offered as part of their princesses’ dowries or as rewards for outstanding services.

Representations of pomegranates, fertility symbols both in China and in the Middle East, from where the tree reportedly had been introduced to China, are popular wedding presents. The composition of pomegranates in the center together with various flower motifs at the well, displayed on the present dish, is very rare. Pomegranate designs on dishes are unusual. Compare two excavated dish fragments unearthed in Longquan, in Ye Yingting and Hua Yunong, Faxian: Da Ming Chuzhou Longquan guanyao [Discovery: Imperial ware of the great Ming dynasty from Longquan in Chuzhou], Hangzhou, 2005, p. 251 and p. 280, as well as dishes and dish fragments incised with a variety of other designs, pp. 240-251 and pp. 272-283. The pomegranate design is otherwise known on upright vessels such as a yuhuchun vase in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, illustrated in Tsai Mei-fen, ed., Bilü– Mingdai Longquan yao qingci /Green – Longquan Celadon of the Ming Dynasty, Taipei, 2015, no. 58.

The decoration of various flower motifs at the well is extremely rare. Only chrysanthemum sprays appear to be known, as on the large dishes with different fruit and flowering plant designs in the center, illustrated in Regina Krahl, Chinese Ceramics in the Topkapi Saray Museum, Istanbul, London, 1986, vol I, nos. 233-9. The dishes and fragments excavated at the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao in Longquan, Zhejiang province, are similarly decorated with solely chrysanthemum sprays, encircling a variety of incised patterns in the center, see Longquan Dayao Fengdongyan yaozhi chutu ciqi [Porcelains excavated from the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao, Longquan], Beijing, 2009, pp. 55-62. 

Although Longquan patterns were closely linked to those of Jingdezhen, blue-and-white or underglaze-red counterparts of the present dish are yet to be discovered. Compare a blue-and-white dish of similar size excavated from the Hongwu stratum at the Imperial kiln site at Dongmentou, Zhushan, Jingdezhen, now in the Palace Museum, Beijing, with a design of different flower sprays, but with a central painting of peony included in the exhibition Mingdai Hongwu Yongle Yuyao Ciqi/Imperial Porcelains from the Reigns of Hongwu and Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, Beijing, 2015, cat. no. 20 and a somewhat larger underglaze-red example, cat. no. 21. Another blue-and-white dish in the National Palace Museum in Taipei with a chrysanthemum design in the center and lotus sprays at the sides, was included in the exhibition Lanbai Huiying. Yuan cang Mingdai qinghuaci zhan/Radiating Hues of Blue and White. Ming Dynasty Blue-and-White Porcelains in the National Palace Museum Collection, Taipei, 2016, cat. no. 6.

Sotheby's. MING: Luminous Dawn of Empire, New York, 20 mars 2018, 10:00 AM

A finely carved 'Longquan' celadon-glazed 'Peony' bottle vase, yuhuchunping, Ming dynasty, Hongwu period (1368-1398)

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A finely carved 'Longquan' celadon-glazed 'Peony' bottle vase, yuhuchunping, Ming dynasty, Hongwu period (1368-1398)

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Lot 102. A finely carved 'Longquan' celadon-glazed 'Peony' bottle vase, yuhuchunping, Ming dynasty, Hongwu period. Height 13 in., 32.9 cm. Estimate 150,000 — 250,000 USD. Photo: Sotheby's

the elegantly proportioned pear-shaped body rising from a slightly splayed foot, sweeping up to a tall waisted neck rising to an everted lipped rim, the body boldly carved with four large peony sprays borne on an undulated stem also issuing furled leaves, above a broad lotus lappet band enclosing ruyi heads, with a keyfret border at the foot, the shoulder encircled by a pendent ruyi head border, with classic scroll, keyfret and upright lappet bands at the neck, applied overall with an even olive-green glaze save for the foot ring

Provenance: Sotheby’s Hong Kong, 29th November 1976, lot 452.
Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Jack Chia.
Sotheby’s Hong Kong, 5th November 1996, lot 635.

LiteratureJulian Thompson, ‘Chinese Celadons’, Arts of Asia, November-December 1993, p. 70, fig. 14.

Notehis yuhuchunping, with its full blooms loosely carved among lushly rendered foliage, its jade-like glaze and its well-proportioned, elegant shape, exemplifies the Longquan potter’s skill and creativity.

Longquan and Jingdezhen sourced from the same type of ‘pattern books’, assembled during the Hongwu Emperor’s reign (1364-1398) when manufacture standards were regularized at both imperial kilns. Yet, some complicated designs may have been primarily designed for Jingdezhen, as they were more suitable for the painting brush than for the carver’s tool. The Longquan carver copied the designs to the best of his ability, showing hereby his creativity. The present design, known from blue-and-white and underglaze-red yuhuchun vases of this period, is splendidly executed, in an even more naturalistic and free rendering than seen on its Jingdezhen counterparts. Here, the artist cleverly used his technique to its utmost advantage by fashioning the deeply incised pattern in such a way as to reveal a shading of darker green where the glaze pooled, giving the piece a most attractive appeal.

This type of pear-shaped vase was in demand both for the domestic and foreign markets, and continued to be popular into the fifteenth century, with a variety of carved designs. A similar example, fired for the court, in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, is illustrated in Tsai Mei-fen, ed., Bilü– Mingdai Longquan yao Qingci/Green – Longquan Celadon of the Ming Dynasty, Taipei, 2009, no. 52, where the vase is compared to an excavated piece from the tomb of Zhang Yun, dated to the 28th year of the Hongwu reign (1395) and to a vase, of simpler design, unearthed from the tomb of Chen Wen of Pingjiang in Anhui, dated to the 12th year of the Yongle reign (1414), together with similar examples, no. 51 and nos 53-58.

Excavations in Longquan, Zhejiang province have yielded similar vases. Compare two yuhuchunping reconstructed from shards illustrated in Ye Yingting and Hua Yunong, Faxian: Da Ming Chuzhou Longquan guanyao [Discovery: Imperial ware of the great Ming dynasty from Longquan in Chuzhou], Hangzhou, 2005, p.102 and p. 110, as well as several fragments of similar pieces with various incised designs, pp. 112-116.

The Ottoman court in Istanbul expressed their appreciation for a vase of this type, with scrolling lotus, by embellishing it with jewels and silver-gilt mounts, see Regina Krahl, Chinese Ceramics in the Topkapi Saray Museum, Istanbul, London, 1986, vol. I, no. 223. A similar vase also with a lotus design from the Alexander and Barlow collections was included in the exhibition The Barlow Collection of Chinese Ceramics, Bronzes and Jades, University of Sussex, Brighton, 1997, cat. no. 43.

Blue-and-white and underglaze-red counterparts of these yuhuchunping are in the Palace Museum, Beijing, illustrated in Qinghua Youlihong/Blue and White Porcelain with Underglaze Red (I), Gugong Bowuyuan Cang Wenwu Zhenpin Quanji/The Complete Collections of Treasures of the Palace Museum, Hong Kong, 2000, pl. 14 and pls. 196 and 197 with peonies and pl. 198 with lotus. Another blue-and-white example in the Philadelphia Museum of Art is illustrated in Margaret Medley, Yuan Porcelain and Stoneware, London, pl. 51b.

Similar vases in blue-and-white and underglaze-red are also known with a pattern of large hatched ruyi panels, rather than the band of smaller trefoils around the neck. One such example in underglaze-red, from the T.T. Tsui collection was sold in our London rooms, 7th June, 1994, lot 331.

Sotheby's. MING: Luminous Dawn of Empire, New York, 20 mars 2018, 10:00 AM

BachmannEckenstein JapaneseArt at Asia Week New York, 15-24 march 2018

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Tea Bowl, Shino ware, early Edo period, 18th century. Height 3 in. (8 cm), Diameter 4 ¾ in. (12.4 cm) © BachmannEckenstein JapaneseArt.

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Tomita Keisen (1879-1936) 冨田溪仙, Sketch of Dai Itoku-Myoo. Ink and color on paper. 77.6 x 55.2 cm (30  1/2 x 21 7/8 in.)© BachmannEckenstein JapaneseArt.

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Suda Kokuta (1906-1990) 須田剋太, Void. Ink on paper. Dated 1989. 124 x 62.5 cm (48 3/4 x 24 1/2 in.)© BachmannEckenstein JapaneseArt.

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Otagaki Rengetsu (1791-1875) 大田垣蓮月, Side-handled Teapot (Kyusu). Glazed ceramic. 19th century. H: 7.8 cm / 3 in  D: 10.5 cm / 4 1/8 in. © BachmannEckenstein JapaneseArt.

BachmannEckenstein JapaneseArt. Exhibiting at Gallery Schlesinger, 24 East 73rd Street, 2nd Floor, New York 10021. T (212) 734 3600 - M +41 76 341 1335 - email@bachmanneckenstein.com - bachmanneckenstein.com - Facebook: @BachmannEckenstein - Instagram: @bachmanneckenstein

Bardith Ltd at Asia Week New York, 15-24 march 2018

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Large blue and white bowl with landscape and floral decoration

Large blue and white bowl with landscape and floral decoration, circa 1700, Kangxi period (1662-1722). H 6.5 in. (17 cm). Asking price: €10.267,52. © Bardith Ltd

Kangxi Chinese blue and white porcelain punch bowl, circa 1700. Painted in underglaze cobalt blue, the bowl is decorated to the exterior with alternating panels showing flowering fruit trees and scenes of mountains, along the seashore. The bowl has a traditional shape molded in the form of a lotus-flower, with a high side wall and a wavy slightly everted rim creating a deep form supported on a short foot. The bowl is divided into eight panels. The interior features a zigzag border, and at the bottom of the well is painted with a single sprig of peony within a traditional double circle of underglaze blue. In Chinese lore mountains were the source of the water that pours through the landscape nourishing the earth and filling the seas.

A Pair of Exceptional Chinese Qianlong Blue and White Vases Painted in Brilliant Sapphire Blue

A Pair of Exceptional Chinese Blue and White Vases Painted in Brilliant Sapphire Blue, Qianlong period (1736-1795). H: 23.5 in. (60 cm). Asking price: €15.318,48 per set. © Bardith Ltd

A pair of exceptional Chinese Qianlong Blue and White vases hand-painted in brilliant sapphire blue with beautiful flowers set in panels. The vases are covered with a fine, thin, white, slightly bluish glaze typical of fine Qianlong porcelains. The covers are painted with similar decoration and topped with lotus bud finials. The shoulders are decorated with lambrequins. Above each base is a double band of panels with blue ground decorated with loosely strewn white flowers. 

A Monumental Pair of Blue and White Jars Decorated with Phoenix and Peonies, Jiaqing period (1796-1820)

A Monumental Pair of Blue and White Jars Decorated with Phoenix and Peonies, Jiaqing period (1796-1820). H. 24.5 in (62 cm). Asking price: price $23,000. © Bardith Ltd

This monumental pair of Chinese Blue and White porcelain ginger jars are decorated in deep cobalt blue and feature phoenix among peonies. In Chinese tradition the phoenix only appear to announce good fortune and swift success. When depicted with peonies the phoenix also represent prosperity and righteousness. The shoulders of each jar are decorated with traditional ruyi head, a symbol of royal power. The covers are similarly decorated but with butterflies among the peonies. The butterflies symbolize yearning and love as they are thought to be in love with the flowers. Each vase is topped by a lotus bud finial. The jars were made in the reign of Jiaqing 1796-1820. They measure 24.5 inches tall x 15 inches at the widest point and 12.75 inches diameter at the base.

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A Pair of Blue and White Chinese Ginger Jars, Qing Dynasty, Mid 19th Century. H: 11.5 in., D: 9 in. Asking price: €3.974,52 per set. © Bardith Ltd

Pair of Chinese blue and white porcelain lidded ginger jars painted with decoration dating to mid-19th century Qing dynasty. The design features panels containing the traditional objects of good luck, and white hawthorne blossoms reserved on a deep blue ground. The base of each jar with four character Chinese marks in underglaze blue.

Bardith Ltd. Exhibiting at 139 East 79th Street, New York 10075. T (212) 737 3775 - M (917) 864 5125 - admin@bardith.com - bardith.com - Instagram: @bardithnyc


Buddhist Art at Asia Week New York, 15-24 march 2018

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Statue of Vajravarahi

Statue ofVajravarahi, Tibet, 16th-17th century. Zitan Wood, 30 cm high. © Buddhist Art

Buddha Shakyamuni

Buddha Shakyamuni, Tibet, 15th century. Bronze, 18 cm© Buddhist Art

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Vasudhara, Nepal. Inscribed and dated 1633. Bronze, gilding. © Buddhist Art

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Head of Buddha. Khmer, Angkor Borei, 7th century. Sandstone, 20 cm© Buddhist Art

Buddhist Art. Exhibiting at Arader Galleries, 29 East 72nd Street, New York 10021. M +852 536 54644 - buddhist.art@icloud.com - buddhist-art.info

Ralph M. Chait Galleries at Asia Week New York, 15-24 march 2018

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Imperial Chinese Rouge de Fer Glazed Porcelain Birthday Dish

Imperial Chinese Rouge de Fer Glazed Porcelain Birthday Dish. China, Kangxi period, ca. early 18th century. Porcelain. Diameter: 6 ¾ inches (17 cms) © Ralph M. Chait Galleries

Decorated in the center with four characters reading: Hong Fu Qi Tian:  “Happiness as Vast as Heaven”; surrounded with finely incised decoration of two Imperial Five Clawed dragons amidst cloud and flame scrolls.  The rim, with bats in rouge de fer to convey good fortune. Apocryphal six character Chenghua Ming mark.

Ex:  Warre Collection (England- early 20th century collection)
Similar and related examples: Shanghai Museum, Palace Museum, Beijing,  Meiyintang Collection, and Barbara Hutton Collection.

Chinese Iron Red and Gilt Porcelain Amphora Vase, Kangxi period, AD 1662-1722

Chinese Iron Red and Gilt Porcelain Amphora Vase, Kangxi period, AD 1662-1722. Height: 9 7/8 inches (25.2 cm) © Ralph M. Chait Galleries

Rare Painted Han Pottery Jar and Cover

Rare Painted Han Pottery Jar and Cover. Han dynasty, ca. 1st century AD. Height with cover: 20 inches (50.8 cm). © Ralph M. Chait Galleries

Decorated in the style of lacquer ware from the period; further embellished with bronze taotieh mask handles and finial.

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Large Chinese Carved Jade Boulder. Ca. 19th / early 20th century. Height: 12 inches (30.5 cm). With carved wood base. © Ralph M. Chait Galleries

Decorated on the front with Lohans in grottoes on a mountain; the reverse decorated with deer, pine trees, and crane- all symbolic of Longevity and rare subject.

Ex: Private American Collection (acquired early 1980’s)
Ex: Sydney Ashkenzie (Jade and Oriental Art, San Francisco)
Ex Collection: Earl Morse  (Morse was a well-known collector in the mid/ third quarter 20th century)  

Ralph M. Chait Galleries. 16 East 52nd Street, Suite 1002, New York 10022. T (212) 397 2818 - M (347) 446 7979 - steven@rmchaitgal.net - rmchait.com - Instagram: @ralphmchaitgalleries

An exceptional gilt-bronze figure of Manjushri, Yongle mark and period (1403-1424)

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An exceptional gilt-bronze figure of Manjushri, Yongle mark and period

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Lot 107. An exceptional gilt-bronze figure of Manjushri, Yongle mark and period (1403-1424). Height 7 1/4  in., 18.4 cm. Estimate 400,000 — 600,000 USD. Photo: Sotheby's.

superbly cast in rounded fleshly volume, the bodhisattva seated in dhyanasana on a double-lotus pedestal, the arms raised in dharmachakra mudra to the chest, holding two stalks of uptala lotuses rising up the shoulders and supporting a khadga and pustaka, the gracefully swaying figure wearing a dhoti falling into elegant pleats, draped with a celestial sash around the shoulders and arms, the chest and the waist adorned by elaborate beaded necklaces, the face set with a serene and benevolent expression, with wheel-shaped earrings attached to the pendulous earlobes, surmounted by a five-leaf diadem around a high chignon, the lotus base incised with a reign mark reading Da Ming Yongle nian shi, the sealed base engraved with a double vajra.

ProvenanceDoris Wiener Gallery, New York, acquired between 1965 -1970. 
American Private Collection, and thence by descent. 

Note: This outstanding figure of the bodhisattva Manjushri, the ‘Beautiful and Virtuous Lord’, represents a group of Buddhist figures made on the orders of the Imperial Court in China during the first half of the 15th century that displayed a style influenced by the art of Tibet. According to Ulrich von Schroeder in Indo-Tibetan Bronzes, Hong Kong, 1981, fifty-four Da Ming Yongle nian zhi works have been documented in Tibetan monastery collections, most of which are held in Potala Palace, Tibet (see Ulrich von Schroeder, Buddhist Sculptures in Tibet, Hong Kong, 2001, vol. II, pp 1237-91). These works have survived in Tibet due to imperial patronage lavished on Tibetan hierarchs and monasteries during the reign of the Yongle Emperor. The slim elongated lotus petals on the base of this piece are only seen on smaller Yongle works which average eighteen to twenty-two centimeters in height. Thus this group of figures are characterized by their delicate appearance, emphasized by the intimate size and exquisitely finished details.

Particularly fine for the gentle sway of the torso, which compliments the curves of the adornments to create a sense of movement, this figure reflects the Chinese taste of the early-Ming court. The well-defined waist and broad shoulders exemplify Indo-Nepalese traditions that were introduced into China during the Yuan dynasty and served as the foundation of the Sino-Tibetan style. Additionally, the craftsman has expertly fused the Tibetan love of ornamentation, seen in the luxurious jewelery, with the delicacy of detail, masterful casting, and the naturalism in style of China. Notably, while Tibetan figures were often embellished with inlaid semi-precious stones, these have been omitted in accordance with the aesthetic of the early Ming court.

Manjushri is the bodhisattva associated with the wisdom of Buddha and is commonly paired with Samantabhadra, the Bodhisattva of Compassion. The two bodhisattvas are important acolytes of Shakyamuni and are believed to have been historical figures, possibly disciples of the Buddha. Manjushri resides in the Five Peak Mountain, Wutaishan, and is on earth to save people from ignorance. It is believed that Manjushri was instructed by Shakyamuni to transmit his teachings and his residence, Wutaishan, became one of the major centers of pilgrimage for his followers.

The figure’s carefully rendered hands are held in dharmachakra mudra, the ‘Wheel of Dharma’. This mudra symbolizes one of the most important moments in the life of the Buddha: the occasion when he preached to his companions the first sermon after his Enlightenment in the Deer Park at Sarnath. The three extended fingers of the right hand represent the three vehicles of the Buddha’s teachings, namely the ‘hearers’ of the teachings through the middle finger; the ‘solitary realizers’ through the fourth finger, and the Mahayana, or ‘Great Vehicle’ through the little finger. The three extended fingers of the left hand symbolize the Three Jewels of Buddhism: the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. Stalks of lotus flowers emanate from his hands, from which rest the symbols of Manjushri, the sword (khadga), which has been heavily stylized and abbreviated, and the book (the Prajnaparamita). Together they symbolize the highest knowledge that is reached by overcoming ignorance and studying the highest book of wisdom.

A related figure of Manjushri of similar size and seated on a base with elongated lotus petals, but lacking the attributes, was sold in our London rooms, 5th November 2014, lot 41. Compare a larger figure of closely related form and attributes, but rendered with broader lotus petals on the base, included in the exhibition Lamaistic Art, Société Generale de Banque, Brussels, cat. no. 19, sold at Christie’s London, 16th April 1985, lot 300; and another sold at Christie’s Hong Kong, 26th November 2014, lot 3106. A related figure, but cast without the gentle sway in the back, from the J.P.H.Y. collection, is illustrated in Ulrich von Schroeder, Indo-Tibetan Bronzes, Hong Kong, 1981, pl. 144F. Figures of this type were also created in the succeeding Xuande reign; see one, with a Xuande mark and of the period, included in the exhibition On The Path to Enlightenment, Museum Rietberg, Zurich, 1995, cat. no. 68.

A gilt-bronze figure of Manjushri, Yongle mark and period

A gilt-bronze figure of Manjushri, Yongle mark and period (1403-1424); 18cm., 7 1/8 in. Sold for 266,500 GBP at Sotheby's London, 5th November 2014, lot 41. 

Cf. my post: A gilt-bronze figure of Manjushri, Yongle mark and period (1403-1424)

An extremely rare gilt-bronze figure of Manjusri,Yongle incised six-character presentation mark and of the period (1402-1424)

An extremely rare gilt-bronze figure of Manjusri,Yongle incised six-character presentation mark and of the period (1402-1424); 9 3/4 in. (24.9 cm.) high. Sold for HKD 18,040,000 at Christie’s Hong Kong, 26th November 2014, lot 3106. © Christie's Images Ltd 2014

Cf. my post: An extremely rare gilt-bronze figure of Manjusri, Yongle incised six-character presentation mark and of the period (1402-1424)

Sotheby's. MING: Luminous Dawn of Empire, New York, 20 mars 2018, 10:00 AM

The Cleveland Museum of Art presents "Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe"

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The Bucintoro Departing from Molo (detail), 1710. Luca Carlevarijs (Italian, 1663–1730). Oil on canvas; 134.8 × 259.4 cm. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, 86.PA.600.

 CLEVELAND, OH.- Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe showcases outstanding masterworks by revered artists who recorded some of the most newsworthy events and impressive spectacles of eighteenth-century Europe. Whether depicting a triumphal procession, a joyous celebration, or the catastrophic eruption of a volcano, the vibrant, colorful, and often monumental paintings in Eyewitness Views re-create what it was like to witness these magnificent occasions. Featuring nearly 40 richly detailed master paintings that utilize the impressive monuments of Venice, Rome, Paris, Warsaw, and other European cities as a backdrop, Eyewitness Views is the first exhibition to exclusively examine view paintings—faithful depictions of a given locale—as representations of contemporary (eighteenth-century) historical events. While costumes and customs illustrated in the paintings may differ from those of today, the feelings of anticipation and excitement generated by witnessing a momentous event will resonate with every visitor to this beautiful and historic “time capsule” exhibition. Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe is co-organized by the Cleveland Museum of Art, the J. Paul Getty Museum, and the Minneapolis Institute of Art, and is on view in the Kelvin and Eleanor Smith Foundation Exhibition Hall from February 25 through May 20, 2018. 

“Eyewitness Views provides our visitors with a wonderful opportunity to experience history as it was being made,” said William Griswold, director of the Cleveland Museum of Art. “The large-scale, vibrantly detailed paintings in the show will transport viewers to eighteenth-century Europe, immersing them in the most elaborate celebrations, festivals and historical events of the time.” 

The Bucintoro Departing_preview

The Bucintoro Departing from Molo, 1710. Luca Carlevarijs (Italian, 1663–1730). Oil on canvas; 134.8 × 259.4 cm. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, 86.PA.600.

Regularly commissioned by rulers, princes, ambassadors, and religious dignitaries to commemorate key moments in their personal and professional lives, master view painters such as such as Bernardo Bellotto, Canaletto, Francesco Guardi, and Giovanni Paolo Panini recorded events ranging from the spectacular pageantry of a Venetian regatta to the solemn ritual of a religious procession. In the process, they produced some of their most significant and beautifully detailed works. Dramatically staged for the enjoyment of a wide range of spectators, and typically involving sumptuous costumes and elaborate temporary decorations, the events depicted give the viewer insight into the rituals and rare occurrences of a bygone era. Other paintings document some of the era’s most horrific natural and man-made disasters: fires and volcanic eruptions provided particularly compelling imagery. 

The level of detail in these paintings can be astounding. To please their patrons—who had often paid for both the celebration depicted as well as the painting of the event—artists like Panini and Canaletto precisely documented the most minute elements of personality, costume and décor. Other artists excelled at conveying all the energy and atmosphere of an important festival or ceremony. Sometimes artists were confronted with the challenge of painting an event that they did not personally attend. This exhibition helps viewers understand the various ways artists addressed such challenges,” said Marjorie E. Wieseman, the Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Jr. curator of European paintings and sculpture, 1500– 1800, and chair of European art from classical antiquity to 1800. 

Regatta on the Grand Canal_preview

The Regatta on the Grand Canal in Honor of Frederick IV, King of Denmark, 1711. Luca Carlevarijs (Italian, 1663–1730. Oil on canvas; 135.3 × 259.7 cm. The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, 86.PA.599 

Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe is separated into four thematic sections that investigate different aspects of this intriguing genre of painting. 

Memory and Manipulation explores whether view painters were faithful chroniclers, capturing events exactly as witnessed, or whether they manipulated reality to meet aesthetic requirements and the expectations of their status-conscious clientele (and if so, how?). 

Civic and Religious Ritual examines an array of historic events that took place in Europe during the period, including religious feast days and public rituals. Whether sacred or secular, these occasions constituted impressive demonstrations of civic pride. 

Festival and Spectacle showcases the pageantry and entertainment in Venice and Rome in the 1700s, including ceremonial regatta performed for visiting dignitaries, and elaborately staged celebrations of royal births and marriages. 

Disaster and Destruction presents scenes of devastation caused by fire, natural disaster, and political turmoil. These paintings downplay the presence of rulers and nobility to emphasize the plight of the broader population, and to encourage the viewer to identify more strongly with the horrors depicted.

National Gallery London_Venice-The Feast Day of Saint Roch_preview

The Procession on the Feast Day of Saint Roch, about 1735. Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal) (Italian, 1697–1768). Oil on canvas; 147.7 × 199.4 cm. The National Gallery, London, Wynn Ellis Bequest, 1876, NG937. Image © The National Gallery, London.

Bucintoro at th Molo_preview

The Bucintoro at the Molo on Ascension Day, about 1745. Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal) (Italian, 1697–1768). Oil on canvas; 115 × 163 cm. Philadelphia Museum of Art, The William L. Elkins Collection, E1924-3-48. Image © Philadelphia Museum of Art / Art Resource, NY.

Rialto Bridge_preview

The Rialto Bridge with the Festive Entry of the Patriarch Antonio Correr, 1735. Michele Marieschi (Italian, 1696–1743). Oil on canvas; 163.3 × 252.5 × 13.4 cm. Osterley Park, National Trust, 771297. Photo: National Trust Photo Library / Art Resource, NY.

Night Procession_preview

The Nocturnal Good Friday Procession in Piazza San Marco, about 1755. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712–1793). Oil on canvas; 48 × 84.5 cm. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, WA 2937.1 / A386. Image: Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, UK / Bridgeman Images.

Corpus Christi procession_preview

Doge Alvise IV Mocenigo in the Corpus Christi Procession in Piazza San Marco, about 1775. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712–1793). Oil on canvas; 66 × 101 cm. Paris, Musée du Louvre, Departement des Peintures, 322.© RMN–Grand Palais. Photo: Béatrice Hatala / Art Resource, NY.

Grasso Festival_preview

The Giovedì Grasso Festival in the Piazzetta, about 1775. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712–1793). Oil on canvas; 66.5 × 100 cm. Paris, Musée du Louvre, Departement des Peintures, 321. © RMN–Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY.

Preparations_preview

The Preparations to Celebrate the Birth of the Dauphin of France in the Piazza Navona, 1731. Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, c. 1692–1765). Oil on canvas; 109 × 246 cm. National Gallery of Ireland, NGI.95, Purchased 1871. Photo © National Gallery of Ireland.

Consecration of Cardinal_preview

The Consecration of Giuseppe Pozzobonelli as Archbishop in San Carlo al Corso, 1743–44. Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, 1691–1765). Oil on canvas; 198 × 284 cm. Musei Civici di Como, P451.

King Charles III_preview

King Charles III Visiting Pope Benedict XIV at the Coffee House of the Palazzo del Quirinale,1746. Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, 1691–1765). Oil on canvas; 124 × 174 cm. Napoli, Museo di Capodimonte, 205. Image: Scala / Ministero per i Beni e le Attività culturali / Art Resource, NY.

Krasinski Palace_preview

The Procession of Our Lady of Grace in Front of Krasiński Palace, 1778. Bernardo Bellotto (Italian, 1721–1780). Oil on canvas; 116 × 164 cm. The Royal Castle, Warsaw, ZKW/454. Image: The Royal Castle, Warsaw. Photo: Andrzej Ring, Lech Sandzewicz

Departure of Charles III_preview

The Departure of Charles III from Naples to Become King of Spain, 1759. Antonio Joli (Italian, 1700–1777). Oil on canvas; 128 × 205 cm. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, P00232. Image © Museo Nacional del Prado / Art Resource, NY.

St Peters

The Interior of Saint Peter’s with the Visit of the Duc de Choiseul, 1756–57. Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, 1691–1765). Oil on canvas; 164.3 × 223.5 cm. The Boston Athenaeum, Purchase, 1834, UR12.

The Ball_preview

The Ball Given by the Duc de Nivernais to Mark the Birth of the Dauphin, 1751. Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, 1691–1765). Oil on canvas; 168 x 132 cm. National Trust, Waddesdon Manor, The Rothschild Collection, 80.2007.2.© National Trust, Waddesdon Manor

Vesuvius_preview

The Eruption of Vesuvius, 1771. Pierre-Jacques Volaire (French, 1729–1799). Oil on canvas; 116.8 × 242.9 cm. The Art Institute of Chicago, Charles H. and Mary F. S. Worcester Collection, 1978.426. Image: The Art Institute of Chicago, IL / Bridgeman Images

Significant collection of Asian art makes its US debut at the Kimbell

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FORT WORTH, TX.- This spring, the Kimbell Art Museum presents the U.S. debut of From the Lands of Asia: The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. This exhibition will feature nearly 450 objects from this remarkable collection, with works representing key periods in the history of the art of China, Japan, Tibet, Mongolia, Korea and Vietnam. 

"In following their passion, Sam and Myrna Myers have assembled one of the finest Asian art collections ever amassed," commented Eric M. Lee, director of the Kimbell Art Museum. "These objects create a rich, complex and magical tapestry----a panoramic history of Asian cultures from ancient times to modern days." 

When Sam Myers was sent to Paris by his law firm in the mid-1960s, he and his wife Myrna became so enamored with the city that they decided to make it their home. There, over the course of 50 years, they built an extraordinary collection that until now has never been exhibited publicly in the United States. Beginning by acquiring Greek and Roman antiquities but eventually focusing on Asia, the Myers assembled some 5,000 works that offer a very personal vision of the world of Asian art. 

The exhibition covers a broad historical range, from the Neolithic era to the 20th century. The objects are also highly varied in nature, from porcelain, ivory and precious stones such as jade and rock crystal to Buddhist art and textiles and stunning costumes from Central Asia, Tibet, China and Japan. Each treasure is exceptional in its shape, rarity, quality, function or inherent message. The exhibition recounts fascinating historical events through themes such as the symbolism of Chinese jade, the trade in blue-and-white porcelain, Buddhism, Noh theater, the Japanese samurai, the tea ceremony and the scholar's studio. 

"This exhibition provides a unique opportunity for visitors to experience a journey of discovery----much as the Myers did over the course of 50 years of collecting----through an extraordinarily diverse and impressive range of Asian works of art," said Jennifer Casler Price, the Kimbell's curator for Asian and non-Western art. 

While Paris was their center, the initial spark for the Myers' collecting was the small town of Ascona, Switzerland, where the couple arrived on vacation quite by chance. It was in 1966, during their first visit, that they discovered Casa Serodine, an antique gallery owned by Dr. Wladimir Rosenbaum (1894--1984), an erudite dealer who became their mentor. He helped them realize that, despite limited means, it was possible to acquire authentic works of art. 

The exhibition begins with a selection of classical antiquities illustrating the couple's earliest forays into collecting, including works from Egypt, Greece, Rome and the Middle East. From the time of those acquisitions on, the Myers were driven by their shared passion for art, which became an organizing principle for the rest of their lives. As their experience and expertise grew, enhanced by their scholarly bent and numerous travels throughout the world, they became irresistibly drawn to the art of Asia. Their collection eventually focused on four principal areas, which constitute the main themes of the exhibition.  

"Costumes and Customs" presents an ensemble of sumptuous robes dating from the 16th through 19th centuries that illustrate several major chapters in the history of Asian textile art. From China, where silk fabrics reflected the wearers' wealth and social status, the collection features a rare complete scholar's robe and an imperial prince's armor. Japan is represented by a range of kimonos, among the most elegant garments in the world, as well as by luxurious Noh theater costumes and samurai attire adapted for wearing armor. Central Asian textiles include a Tibetan dance outfit and prime minister's jacket and flamboyantly colorful Ikat garments from Uzbekistan. Complementing these costumes will be a selection of Japanese lacquerware and tea ceremony implements, as well as accessories used in a Chinese scholar's studio.  

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Dancer's Robe, Tibet, 18th century. Silk brocade. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier.

The exclusivity of Chinese silk made it a coveted commodity and an instrument of diplomacy for foreigners. Lavish gifts, as well as authorized commerce, helped maintain alliances. The Chinese practice of bestowing gifts and titles on Tibetan religious leaders and of sanctioning trade in luxury goods began in the thirteenth century and lasted into the seventeenth century, and imperial patronage of Tibetan Buddhism continued throughout the Qing dynasty (1644–1911).

Many of the textiles sent to Tibet were originally produced for the Chinese court. They were often drawn from textiles amassed by the imperial household and held in reserve for such purposes. Although highly prized, garments and furnishing fabrics were often recut to fit Tibetan costume styles or to serve new functions. This robe, worn by Tibetan monks who performed masked cham dances on major religious festivals, was recut from a Chinese dragon robe in order to strategically position the dragon ornament.

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Khalat, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Late 19th century, Embroidered silk. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier.

The peoples of Central Asia knew how to brighten the desert with an explosion of silk colors. With accomplished techniques of dying and embroidery, they embellished robes, accessories, and wall hangings. These pieces illustrate the renaissance of textile arts in the nineteenth century in towns along the ancient Silk Road. The weaving centers in Uzbekistan each had its own particular styles and colors. The artisans making these garments belonged to different ethnic groups and their customers came from all social strata.

For a thousand years, the merchants and riders who traveled the steppes wore the same style of tunic, pantaloons, and long robe, called a khalat. They had a fondness for flamboyant silks with motifs that evoked amulets, jewels, flowers, and fruit. The more worked khalat were generally lined with Central Asian tie-dyed and woven ikat cloth. They were often finished with bands of contrasting embroidery, which served as borders and resulted in surprising juxtapositions. 

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Jimbaori, Japan, Edo period, 18th century. Silk, 101 x 105 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier.

Samurai warriors gained increasing prominence in Japan during the twelfth century, establishing political control in the name of the emperor as well as a feudal system based on personal alliances and the development of a samurai code of honor. From 1192 to 1867, shoguns (military dictators) controlled the country. Samurai clothing developed naturally in relation to their armor, which was articulated and made of leather, plaques of iron, bronze, lacquer, and silk cords. Other than clan emblems (mon) and symbols of strength, they bore few decorative elements.

Reserved for only the greatest samurai, the jinbaori is a ceremonial vest worn over the armor and is a symbol of the samurai’s prowess and rank. Plumes, imported wool, or tapestry were among the exotic materials used to make these garments. The simple, red, graphic Ko symbol, found on the reverse side of the imported black wool and in the poplin lining, represents the family crest (mon) of a samurai clan. In the Edo period, these designs were placed on garments as symbols of rank.

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Long-Sleeved Kimono, Japan, Edo period (1603–1868). Embroidered silk. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier.

A long garment worn by both women and men since the sixteenth century, the kimono is Japan’s emblematic garment. Its t shape is made from four strips of fabric folded in half and sewn together to form the sleeves and body of a robe that opens in front. Reduced to its essential form, the kimono is surprisingly modern and provides an ideal background for decorative motifs that are often unique, drawn from a limitless iconography.

The name furisode means “swinging sleeves.” These long-sleeved kimonos identified the wearer as a girl or an unmarried woman and were worn for formal occasions such as weddings, ceremonies, and visits to temples. The typical bright colors and lavish decoration called public attention to their wearers. The elaborately stenciled, dyed, painted, and embroidered patterns on this furisode allude to the amorous pursuits of princely courtiers celebrated in The Tale of Genji, depicting a view, through clouds, of bamboo blinds and curtains seen from flower-filled gardens.

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Nō robe, Japan, Edo period, 18th century, 149 x 142 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier.

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Noh actor. Painted wood. Japan, Momoyama period (1573–1603). The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier.

Scholar’s robe, China, Ming dynasty, 15th c

Scholar’s robe, China, Ming dynasty, 15th century, 133 x 245 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier.

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Chaopao, Qing dynasty, Kangxi period, 18th century, 134 x 218 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

"An Ocean of Porcelain" illustrates 500 years of blue-and-white porcelain production in China through pieces that demonstrate a diverse range of forms and decoration. The earliest piece in the Myers collection is a rare and unusual 14th-century Yuan dynasty meiping vase. Trade with the Middle East and Islamic influence are evident in several examples of 15th- and 16th-century Ming dynasty vessels. The fascination in Europe with porcelain led to a thriving maritime commerce, first with the Portuguese in the 16th century and then with the Dutch in the 17th century. Forty years ago, the first shipwreck with Chinese porcelain was found----a discovery that was soon followed by increasingly well-documented underwater excavations. The Myers' collection of items from a mid-17th century cargo vessel includes some of the best Transitional-period porcelain ever recovered from the ocean floor.  

Meiping Vase, China, Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), 14th century

Meiping Vase, China, Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), 14th century. Porcelain, blue-and-white ware, 40 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

The Yuan dynasty changed the course of history by introducing the new technique of applying underglaze cobalt blue to white porcelain made in Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province. Ceramics, which had been the art of clay, became the art of the brush. From the mid-fourteenth century, ceramic artists excelled in animal and floral representations. Making porcelain became an industry which, in turn, evolved into international commerce. 

The orderly decoration of this meiping, in three horizontal registers separated by double lines, is evidence of the division of tasks and the specialization of the workers at the principle kiln centers in Jiangxi province, which were under imperial control. Above the panel of lotuses that surround the narrow foot, there is a central frieze of dragons amid clouds, the symbol of the emperor. The fluidity of the bodies covered with scales, the spines that outline their backs, and their aggressive claws accentuate their power. On the broad shoulders, amid floral scrolls, there are flying phoenixes.

Ewer, China, Ming dynasty (1368–1644), 16th century

Ewer, China, Ming dynasty (1368–1644), 16th century. Porcelain, blue-and-white ware. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

When the Mongol Yuan dynasty toppled, the Chinese reclaimed control of their territory, establishing the Ming dynasty. During Ming reign, blue-and-white porcelain continued to play a key role. Adopted by the court, it was coveted by scholars, gained widespread popularity, and was exported around the world. It is the reflection of Ming China’s influence and the personalities of each of the dynasty’s emperors.  

Blue-and-white porcelains of the Jiajing period (1522–1566) have a characteristic, somewhat violet hue, obtained from mixing local cobalt with imported material. The cobalt is used in a very concentrated form, resulting in dark blue contours against the background, rather than more graduated color changes. This technique is particularly noticeable in this “magic fountain” ewer. The ewer’s form fits perfectly with pieces destined for the Middle East, though its decoration reflects European influence. It may derive from European Renaissance documents now lost and is therefore a pivotal piece meant for both European and Middle Eastern clients.

Phoenix kendi, China, Ming dynasty (1368–1644), 16th century

Phoenix kendi, China, Ming dynasty (1368–1644), 16th century. Porcelain, blue-and-white ware, 23.5 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Kendi are evidence that many of the pouring vessels made in Jingdezhen during the Ming dynasty were destined for the Middle East and Southeast Asia. The term kendi is derived from the Sanskrit kundika, meaning a vase from which one drinks without touching the lips. Fourteenth-century kendi were bulbous vases with a spout and a tubular neck. By the sixteenth century, their bases had become more elegant, often resting on a foot, and their shoulders more marked, with long necks that narrowed at the opening. The first Europeans to be attracted to the strange appearance of kendi were the Portuguese.

Jingdezhen potters had great imagination for plastic arts and created kendi in the forms of dragons, phoenixes, buffalos, and toads. This phoenix kendi is an exceptional piece—a rare object that is both functional and mysterious, like this hybrid creature, which has fascinated the Chinese since antiquity.

Brushpot with Snow Scene, China, Transitional period, 17th century, Hatcher Collection, Chinese junk sunk 1646, discovered 1983

Brushpot with Snow Scene, China, Transitional period, 17th century, Hatcher Collection, Chinese junk sunk 1646, discovered 1983. Porcelain, blue-and-white ware, 19.5 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

In 1984, news of Captain Michael Hatcher’s discovery of the shipwreck of a Chinese junk in the South China Sea with twenty-five thousand pieces of porcelain from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was astounding. Perhaps destined for a Dutch merchant ship anchored in Jakarta or Formosa, the cargo included a type of blue-and-white porcelain known as Transitional ware, as it was made in the late seventeenth century, between the Ming and Qing dynasties. 

During this troubled period, the abandonment of official control of porcelain production meant that potters were free from the previous constraints of court taste to innovate and satisfy the desires of clients from popular, bourgeois, and intellectual classes. A range in new and original forms of Transitional ware was accompanied by an enlargement of subject matter and a greater liberty in the manner in which the decoration was executed. Themes were borrowed from popular literature, from landscape painting, or from album leaves of birds and flowers. A definitive figurative language developed, breaking with the symbolism of the preceding dynasty.

Plate, China, Transitional period, 17th c

Plate, China, Transitional period, 17th century, Hatcher Collection. Porcelain, blue-and-white ware, 19.8 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

The introduction of Buddhism can be considered one of the major events that defined Asia, being both a spiritual and artistic revolution. "A Thousand Years of Buddhism" traces the spread of the religion from its origins in northern India to China, Tibet, Korea and Japan, with a superb selection of carved stone and wood images, metal sculptures and paintings. The collection includes a significant number of Buddhist textiles such as appliquéd, embroidered and patchwork thangkas, mandalas, banners and liturgical garments. These transcendent works reveal that as each of these cultures embraced the Buddhist faith, they created a religious art imbued with their own unique aesthetic utilizing indigenous materials.  

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Bodhisattva Guanyin, China, Song dynasty, c. 1125. Polychromed wood, 103 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Chinese Buddhism reached its zenith under the Tang dynasty (AD 618–906), and it was during this period that Buddhist sculpture realized a masterful adaptation of foreign Indian style to indigenous traditions. During the Song dynasty (AD 960–1279), Buddhist sculpture continued to develop in wood and stucco, with the introduction of greater naturalism to depict deities such as the ever-popular bodhisattva of compassion, Guanyin. 

In this sculpture, the divinity is seated in the meditative attitude of “royal repose,” with the right hand resting on the raised right knee and the left hand on a book, presumably a sutra. Originally, the figure would have been placed on a sculpted wooden rock or mountain. The model for this sculpture is likely based on images in eighth-century Tang dynasty paintings. During the Song dynasty, there was frequent collaboration between painters and sculptors to satisfy demands for images, which resulted in a greater sense of anatomical accuracy. The fluidity of the sculpture is evident in the juxtaposed curves of the drapery, the calligraphic flow of the scarves, and the sophistication of the jewelry.

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Amida Buddha, Japan, Kamakura period (1185–1333). Bronze. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Buddhism during the late Heian period (897–1185) was characterized by the marked increase in the worship of Amida Buddha and his Western Pure Land Paradise, which became even more widespread during the Kamakura period (1185–1333). The belief of practitioners in this esoteric Buddhist sect is that ritual invocation of Amida’s name was sufficient to gain admittance into his Western Paradise. Numerous temples were consecrated and filled with images of Amida Buddha. 

The most spectacular example, in Kamakura, features a monumental bronze image of Amida Buddha, dated 1252. Seated in meditation, his face is treated geometrically and is framed by ears with extended earlobes and hair in spirals, and he wears a monastic robe carefully placed to reveal his lightly modeled chest—all features found on this Amida Buddha. This figure also shares the same plasticity, its solidity reinforced by its seated position. The cascading robe that covers his lower body, the breadth of his torso, and the rounded geometry of his face all give this representation a real presence, tempered by the almost abstract drapery. 

agaraja, Tibet, Densatil, 15th c

Nagaraja, Tibet, Densatil, 15th century. Bronze., 37 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

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Thangka of Ratnasambhava, Tibet, 18th century. Appliqué and embroidered Chinese textiles. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Most Tibetan art was created in connection with the complex rituals and meditational practices of Tantric, or esoteric, Buddhism, in which the repetition of mantras—chanted or recited prayers—are used as a means of attaining nirvana. Mantras often incorporate the name or a particular aspect of the Buddha to achieve union with him, shortening the process of enlightenment. A counterpoint to intense prayer is the decoration of religious textiles. Used as aids in the process of spiritual enlightenment and a focus for visualization and meditation, thangkas (portable scrolls) depict sacred icons, Buddhist divinities, famous lamas (spiritual teachers) or mandalas (cosmic diagrams).

Ratnasambhava is one of the Five Transcendent Buddhas who overcomes pride and avarice and is associated with the South (direction). He is dressed in monastic robes and seated in meditation on a lotus throne, his hand in a gift-bestowing gesture. The artist has used mainly satins and damasks, some enhanced with applied paint, reserving gold-enriched brocades for the Buddha’s robes and halo.

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Mandala, Tibet, Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Chinese silk. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

The practice in ancient Indian monastic communities of recycling donations of cloth and clothing gave rise to techniques of patchwork and appliqué that characterized textiles used by the clergy and in worship as the Buddhist faith spread across Asia. In Tibet, imported silks were always in short supply; the practice of making patchworks of luxury silks became a pious act born of necessity. Geometric patchworks made of tiny triangles were seamed to form squares with contrasting halves and assembled to form larger cloths. The design of concentric lozenges may have served as sacred diagrams (mandalas) to focus meditation. The number of pieces and their colors and arrangements were linked to numerology and divination. Mandalas were used by Tibetans in daily and religious life. Numerological diagrams were important systems for calculating horoscopes and forecasting the future. In the context of Tantric Buddhism, geometric patchworks evoked the matrix of time and space in which the soul was caught in the web of existence. 

Head of Buddha, China, Sui dynasty, 6th c

Head of Buddha, China, Sui dynasty, 6th century, Coray Collection, 50 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Stele, China, Wei dynasty, 6th c

Stele, China, Wei dynasty, 6th century, Coray Collection, 125 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Lion

Lion, China, Tang dynasty (618–907 AD), marble. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier.  

A rare and mysterious material, jade is regarded in China as the most precious of stones. "The Magic of Jade" showcases one of the richest and most complete private collections of archaic jade in the world, ranging from the Neolithic period to the Yuan dynasty (3000 BC--14th c. AD). Two objects particularly symbolic of the Neolithic period are the bi disc, which may have been used as a funerary object to guide the spirit of the deceased to heaven, and the cong cylinder, which is said to symbolize the earth and have religious and ritual significance. The series of ritual blades with delicately beveled contours and the finely carved pendants portraying legendary animals like the dragon and the phoenix are examples of the stunning capacity of the jade carvers of the second millennium BC. The humanism of the Han dynasty (206 BC--AD 220) is reflected in more naturalistic figurative representations.  

Cong, China, Liangzhu culture (c

Cong, China, Liangzhu culture (c. 3300–2200 BC). Jade. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Archaeological discoveries of the past thirty years in China have shown that jade played a prominent role in the late Neolithic period, during the third millennium BC. Jade was worked in China to fashion items destined for the elite. These items served as emblems of social status and authority and as the main medium for transmitting religious ideas

Cong cylinders are among the most enigmatic of all jade shapes created in the Neolithic period, still defying a viable explanation regarding their possible ritual function and cultural significance. Cong may have played a significant role in representing the authority and power of their owners and were probably used in ceremonial contexts. Their angular form may have symbolized the earth. The unique, squarish shape of cong is especially remarkable among Neolithic jades, which otherwise have rounded and smooth shapes. Most of the early jades are carved from slabs of raw material and are therefore basically bi-dimensional, while cong are three-dimensional. Cong vary in height and have a carved-out circular center. Most are decorated with simple mask motifs that evoke human and animal forms.

Dragon-shaped pendants, China, Hongshan culture (c

 Dragon-shaped pendants, China, Hongshan culture (c. 3500–2000 BC). Jade. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

The Hongshan culture flourished in the northeastern provinces of Liaoning and Inner Mongolia at the end of what appears to have been a cultural evolution in the region. This period represents the peak of a jade-working tradition in this area, as revealed by extraordinary items discovered in tombs of the elite, whose status and authority was visually communicated by these jade objects and the motifs carved on them. 

The visual symbol of the Hongshan culture is a creature with a coiled, serpentine body and an animal head resembling a pig or wild boar, nicknamed “pig-dragon.” It is considered one of the earliest representations of the dragon in Chinese art. It is rendered in one of two ways in this jade, the dragon has a long, thin body, a pronounced snout, almond-shaped eyes, and a head topped by a crest that ends in a pointed curl. Intended to reflect the different statuses of their owners, these jades were worn as pendants, as suggested by the suspension hole drilled behind the head and also by their position in the tombs, where they have been found placed on the skeleton’s chest. 

Phoenix-shaped pendant, China, late Neolithic, Shijiahe culture, c

Phoenix-shaped pendant, China, late Neolithic, Shijiahe culture, c.2500-2000 BC. Jade, 13 x 5.5 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Collection of zhang, China, Bronze Age, 2000-1700 B

Collection of zhang, China, Bronze Age, 2000-1700 B.C. Jade, the largest 42.5 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Collection of cong, China, Liangzhu to Western Zhou dynasty, 3rd millennium B

Collection of cong, China, Liangzhu to Western Zhou dynasty, 3rd millennium B.C. to 8th c. B.C. Jade, the largest 28.5 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

 Tiger plaque, China, Eastern Zhou dynasty, 4th – 3rd c

Tiger plaque, China, Eastern Zhou dynasty, 4th – 3rd century B.C., Vignier Collection. Jade, 22 x 14.5 cm. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier.   

Complex Pendant, China, Eastern Zhou (770–221 BC) and Han (206 BC–AD 220) periods

Complex Pendant, China, Eastern Zhou (770–221 BC) and Han (206 BC–AD 220) periods. Jade. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

Eastern Zhou jade ornaments are noted for their complex surface decoration, almost always carved on both sides with the same pattern of minute scrolls or spirals—isolated or linked—or tiny raised bosses. When light hits the surface patterns, it produces a glittering effect, so that the ornament seems less flat. This technique was more laborious than simple engraving, since the stone next to the pattern had to be carefully ground to produce the impression that the motifs rise from the surface. 

During the Eastern Zhou period, it was common practice among the elite to wear elaborate pendants formed by different types of jades, as evidenced by the jades found in tombs, which literally covered the bodies of their owners. These ornamental jades were considered beautiful because of their inherent virtues—texture, translucency, luminescence, and shades of color. They were meant to dignify and reflect the virtues of the person who wore them, who was expected to live by strict moral and physical codes of behavior. The orderly composition of pendants acted as a visual metaphor for the orderly nature of the person wearing them.

Pendant with Two Dancers, China, Han dynasty, 3rd–2nd Century BC

 Pendant with Two Dancers, China, Han dynasty, 3rd–2nd Century BC. Jade. The Sam and Myrna Myers Collection. Photo by Thierry Ollivier. 

In the Han dynasty, jade carving reached new heights. During this period, there was a major increase in the importance of the human figure, which was rarely represented in ancient Chinese art before that time. Human figures, including portraits of the deceased, attendants, or court personnel, appear in fairly large numbers on the painted walls of hundreds of Eastern Han tombs and carved on stone slabs that line Han tomb spirit paths. Pottery figurines, customarily placed in Han tombs, depict in a lively manner attendants of all sorts, particularly females—composed ladies, kneeling or standing, their hands hidden from sight by the long sleeves typical of Chinese robes. This gracious pendant is a faithful portrait of two female dancers who seem to be engaged in the “long sleeve dance,” apparently one of the favorite forms of entertainment of Han nobility.

The astonishing array of outstanding works of art in the Myers Collection is testimony to Asia's rich cultural and religious heritage and unique customs and offers a broad panorama of Asian history in all its beauty and diversity. 

The exhibition was curated by Jean-Paul Desroches, former chief curator of the Musée des Arts Asiatiques Guimet, Paris, and senior curator of the French National Patrimony. 

The exhibition is accompanied by a full-color catalogue, Two Americans in Paris: A Quest for Asian Art, available for $60 in the Museum Shops. This exhibition is produced by Pointe-à-Callière, Montréal Archaeology and History Complex, Montréal, Canada, in partnership with Sam Myers.

Amitayus, Chine, Période Qianlong , 1770

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Lot 65. Amitayus, Chine, Période Qianlong , 1770. Estimation 1 800 € / 2 500 €. Photo: Cornette de Saint Cyr Paris

Alliage cuivreux doré. H. 18,5 cm 

Amitayus est assis en padmasana sur un trône architecturé, les mains en dhyanamudra. Un halo était initialement fixéà l’arrière. Une inscription sur la base du socle indique la date dans l’ère Qianlong correspondant à 1770. 

Provenance- Collection d’un amateur Belge

Arts d’Asie - Art Tribal - Documentation chez Cornette de Saint Cyr Paris, 75008 Paris, le 06 Mars 2018 à 14h30Expert : Cabinet Daffos-Estournel. Tel. : +33 6 09 22 55 13 – www.aaoarts.com

A Sapphire and Diamond Ring

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Lot 145. A 21.30cts Burmese Sapphire and Diamond Ring. Estimate HK$ 150,000 - 250,000 (€ 16,000 - 26,000)© Bonhams 2001-2018

Designed as an uncoiling snake, the head set with an antique cushion-shaped sapphire weighing 21.30cts, accented by brilliant-cut diamonds, ring size 6¼

Accompanied by a SSEF report stating that the natural sapphire has no indications of thermal treatment and originates from Burma (Myanmar). 

Bonhams. JEWELS AND JADEITE, 14 Mar 2018, starting at 14:00 HKT. Hong Kong, Admiralty 


A Jadeite and Diamond Necklace

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Lot 692. A Jadeite and Diamond Necklace. Estimate HK$ 130,000 - 180,000 (€ 13,000 - 19,000). © Bonhams 2001-2018

The articulated necklace composed of highly translucent intense green jadeite plaques, the largest measuring 33.1 x 8.4 x 2.8mm, accented by marquise and brilliant-cut diamonds, diamonds approx. 10.20cts total, inner circumference 42.4cm

Accompanied by a HKJSL report stating that the selected natural colour fei cui (jadeite jade) has no resin detected. 

Bonhams. JEWELS AND JADEITE, 14 Mar 2018, starting at 14:00 HKT. Hong Kong, Admiralty

A Gem-set, Cultured Pearl and Diamond Sautoir

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 Lot 710. A Gem-set, Cultured Pearl and Diamond Sautoir. Estimate HK$ 30,000 - 40,000 (€ 3,100 - 4,100). © Bonhams 2001-2018

The pendant set with seed pearls and brilliant-cut diamonds, centring upon a pear-shaped ruby, with a suspending tassel composed of cultured pearls measuring 5.3-2.0mm, completed by a circular-cut colourless gemstone and ruby bead chain, pendant detachable, diamonds approx. 2.25cts total, rubies approx. 40.10cts total, lengths: pendant 11.5cm, necklace 91.6cm

Bonhams. JEWELS AND JADEITE, 14 Mar 2018, starting at 14:00 HKT. Hong Kong, Admiralty

A rare grey limestone figure of Maitreya, Northern Wei dynasty (386-534)

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Lot 8028. A rare grey limestone figure of Maitreya, Northern Wei dynasty  (386-534); 12 1/4in (31cm) high. Estimate US$ 40,000 - 60,000 (€ 32,000 - 49,000). © Bonhams 2001-2018

The slender figure seated with right leg crossed over the left knee, with one finger of the right hand pensively touching the cheek, the left hand resting on the crossed leg and held in karanamudra, dressed in long flowing robes draping the lower body in soft pleats, the narrow face with contemplative expression surmounted by the large ushnisha, mounted on wood stand.

ProvenanceCollection of Hidenari Terasaki (1900-1951), thence by descent

NoteBased on the posture, this figure is believed to represent Maitreya, the buddha of the future. Maitreya is believed to return to earth to preach the teachings of the Buddha after a period of great turmoil where the Buddha's teachings have been forgotten. He is Shakyamuni's successor and his return heralds a period of great peace. 

The pose, first conceived in India and later was transmitted to China, represents Maitreya in deep contemplation, while at the same time, because one foot is on the ground, he is ready to stand up and take his place as the buddha of the future. The karanamudra subdues negativity, dispelling impure thoughts and other obstacles to enlightenment. 

The Northern Wei dynasty was a period of political turbulence and intense social and cultural change. During such tumultuous times a messianic figure such as Maitreya held great appeal and Maitreya was one of the most popular bodhisattva during this early phase of Chinese Buddhism.

This figure is similar to other figures of Maitreya from the Longmen caves dated to the Northern Wei dynasty. For other examples from the Guyang Cave see Osvald Siren, Chinese Sculptures in the Van de Heydt Collection, Rietberg Museum, Zurich 1957, pls. 11 and 12; and Longmen liusan diaoxiangji, 1993, pls.8-13. See a related figure sold by Eskenazi, Ancient Chinese Sculpture, June-July, 1978, no. 8; one from the Alsdorf collection acquired from Alice Boney, published Eskenazi, Ancient Chinese Sculpture from the Alsdorf collection and others, June 1990, no. 1; another formerly in the collection of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, sold at Sotheby's, New York, 20 March 2007, lot 503; and another Maitreya from the the collection of Robert Hatfield Ellsworth, sold Christie's New York, 17 March 2015 lot 14.

baf4e747c1ae6399f4d2633a2689d839--dark-grey-caves

An important dark grey limestone figure of Maitreya, China, Longmen caves, Northern Wei dynasty or later, from the the collection of Robert Hatfield Ellsworth; 24 in. (61 cm.) high. Sold for USD 1,505,000 at Christie's New York, 17 March 2015 lot 14©Christie's Images Ltd 2015

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Hidenari Terasaki, the transcriber of Emperor Hirohito's famous Dokuhakuroku, sold Bonhams New York, Voices of the 20th Century, lot 1254, was a fluent English-speaking Japanese diplomat, married to an American, who on February 20 1946 assumed the special post of 'Liason Officer to the Imperial Household'. He had the responsibility of interpreting for Emperor Hirohito and advising him on his dealings with General Douglas MacArthur (Herbert P. Bix, "The Showa Emperor's 'Monologue' and the Problem of War Responsibility', The Journal of Japanese Studies, 18/2 Summer 1992), p. 357). Terasaki was an elite Japanese diplomat who played a pivotal role in relations between his country and the United States, first in 1941 and again in 1946. In 1931, Terasaki married Gwen Harold, an American from Tennessee, and following postings in Shanghai, Havana and Beijing, was appointed in 1941 head of Western Intelligence and transferred to Washington, where, despite his position, he is thought to have tried to make a desperate failed attempt to have a cable sent directly from President Roosevelt to the Emperor, appealing for peace. After Pearl Harbor, he, his wife and daughter Mariko were interned and then repatriated to Japan in 1942. He moved away from diplomatic life, living in a mountain village, often close to starvation, but after Japan's unconditional surrender, Terasaki was recalled to Tokyo and, with his experience, became the liaison between Emperor Hirohito and General MacArthur. Terasaki and his wife Gwen became a useful bridge between the two sides in these opening years of American occupation and they were visited by many of the senior American officers. Terasaki retired from his post in 1948 for health reasons, his wife and daughter returned to the US the following year. He died in Japan in 1951. Gwen wrote a biography of their life together, and a 1961 movie, Bridge to the Sun, took the book's name as its title.

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Hidenari Terasaki with his wife, Gwen and daughter Mariko.

The following two lots, figure of Maitreya (lot 8028) and the rare jun-type purple glazed bowl (lot 8029) were acquired by Terasaki sometime prior to 1941, when he was stationed in Shanghai and Beijing. The Maitreya is recorded in Gwen Terasaki Bridge to the Sun, Rock Creek Books, 2017, p. 204.

Bonhams. CHINESE WORKS OF ART AND PAINTINGS, 19 Mar 2018, 12:00 EDT, NEW YORK

A rare Jun-type purple glazed tea bowl, Yuan-Ming dynasty (1279-1644)

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A rare Jun-type purple glazed tea bowl, Yuan-Ming dynasty (1279-1644)

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Lot 8029. A rare Jun-type purple glazed tea bowl, Yuan-Ming dynasty (1279-1644); 3 1/4in (8.3cm) diameter. Estimate US$ 15,000 - 20,000 (€ 12,000 - 16,000). © Bonhams 2001-2018

Well-potted with gently rounded sides curving in slightly just below the everted rim, the exterior covered in a rich mottled purple glaze, extending over the rim into the interior where it transitions to a milky-blue glaze, which also covers the foot, except for the unglazed dark-brown foot ring. 

ProvenanceCollection of of Hidenari Terasaki (1900-1951), thence by descent

NoteThe combination of sky blue and vivid purple glaze coloration relates this bowl to the Junyao group of ceramics, recorded at kiln excavations and documented burials from the Song through Ming periods. Its function as a tea bowl is indicated by the indented lip on its exterior walls, a distinctive feature of tea bowls inaugurated at the Jian kilns of Fujian in the Song period and copied at kilns throughout northern and southern China.

Tea bowls of identical shape to this lot have yet to be published from Jun kiln excavations or burials in the past few years. However a dish with the same contrasting reddish-purple and sky blue glaze, subtle shape and careful potting comparable to this tea bowl was discovered during excavations at the Juntai kiln site in Henan carried out in 2004. The dish was included in the Palace Museum study Jun ci ya ji: gugong bowu yuan zhencang ji chutu junyao ciqi huicui[Selection of Jun Ware: the Palace Museum's collection and archeological excavation] (Beijing, 2013), cat. No. 117, pp. 264-265 (as Yuan-early Ming dynasty, diameter 18.8cm); and appeared earlier in Zhongguo chutu ciqi quanji: vol. 12: Henan (2008), cat. No 211 (as Jun type and dated as Yuan dynasty, 18.8cm diameter). See also the Jun-type purple glazed tea bowl of slightly different shape, related to the 2013 study of the Palace Museum Jun wares and sold in Christie's Hong Kong sale 3372, 26 November 2014, lot 2925, (as Xuande period).

Other shards from the 2004 Juntai kiln site excavation match the group of 'numbered Jun' containers with purple and pale blue glazes preserved in the former Qing imperial collections, various museums and private collections throughout the world. There is no agreement at present on the dating of this group, but thermoluminescence testing on the shards from the 2004 excavation and comparable tomb finds suggest Yuan or early Ming date for the 'numbered' Jun group and, by extension, this tea bowl (see Laurie E. Barnes, 'Yuan Dynasty Ceramics', pp. 338-34, published in Li Zhiyin et al, Chinese Ceramics: From the Paleolithic Period through the Qing Dynasty [Yale University Press, 2010]). 

This bowl appears to be the "Chungyao" bowl mentioned in Gwen Terasaki's biography, Bridge to the Sun, Rock Creek Books, 2017, pp.51, 96, 97, 216. 

Bonhams. CHINESE WORKS OF ART AND PAINTINGS, 19 Mar 2018, 12:00 EDT, NEW YORK

A fine and rare Repousse Parcel-Gilt Silver Bowl, Tang Dynasty (618-907)

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Lot 8036. A fine and rare Repousse Parcel-Gilt Silver Bowl, Tang Dynasty (618-907); 8 1/2in (21.5cm) diameter. Estimate US$ 80,000 - 120,000 (€ 65,000 - 97,000). © Bonhams 2001-2018

Finely worked in repousse with steep, quatrelobed sides, the rim interior banded and gilt with a continuous leafy scroll pattern about the central well enclosed by a band of overlapping 'peacock feathers' surrounding a fierce coiled makara in repousse chasing a flaming pearl amid stylized waves, the well and design also gilt and raised on a splayed, circular foot incised with a single character qiong and two indicipherable characters on the side and also on the base. 

ProvenanceJ.J Lally & Co., New York, 2012

PublishedJ.J Lally & Co., New York, Silver and Gold in Ancient China, Spring 2012, no. 14, and front cover

NoteWith its distinctive curling snout, dragon head and finned body, the makara may be read as a representation of the mythical carp transforming into a dragon, a metaphor for success as a result of assiduous effort. However the origins of this mythical beast is traced to India and was transmitted to China with the Buddhist canon, the first datable appearance in the tomb of Li He (d. 583) in Shaanxi province. In the Buddhist tradition, the makara was originally a whale that rescued five hundred drowning merchants at sea, and then sacrificed itself by providing its own body for sustenance. As a result of its compassionate offering, the whale was immortalized and transformed into a makara, endowed with a dragon's head, fish fins and accompanied by a flaming jewel. 

Its foreign background and imagery made the makara an auspicious symbol for use in several extant examples of Tang dynasty silver and gold. A Tang gold cup, excavated in 1983 in Xi'an and now in the Shaanxi History Museum is illustrated by C. Michaelson, Gilded Dragons, London, 1999, pp. 98-9, no. 59. while a similarly coiled makara with flaming pearl is illustrated by Bo Gyllensvärd in 'T'ang Gold and Silver', Butlletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, No. 29, Stockholm, 1957, Fig. 56b. As noted in the Lally catalog, a Tang parcel-gilt silver bowl also with a repoussé dragon-fish in a central medallion was excavated from Inner Mongolia and is now in the collection of the Ordos Museum, illustrated in Zhongguo meishu fenlei quanji, Zhongguo jin yin boli falang qi quanji, Vol. II, Shijiazhuang, 2004, p. 47, no. 91. A n analogous gilt silver bowl decorated with a peacock feather band enclosing a repousse medallion of two flying parrots is published as part of the Kempe Collection in Bo Gyllensvard. Chinese Gold and Silver in the Carl Kempe Collection, no. 118, pp. 182-83.

Few parcel gilt silver bowls from the Tang period have appeared at auction. The most recent and closely related example to this lot, from the illustrious Carl Kempe collection and published in Gyllvensvard, Chinese Gold, Silver and Porcelain, Asia Society, New York, 1971, p. 52, no. 46, was sold in these Rooms, 14 September 2015, lot 8073. See a related parcel gilt copper pouring bowl, sold Christie's, London, 7 November 2017, lot 166.

A rare repoussé and parcel-gilt silver bowl, Tang dynasty, early 8th century

 A rare repoussé and parcel-gilt silver bowl, Tang dynasty, early 8th century, from the Carl Kempe collectionSold for US$ 161,000 (€ 130,766) at Bonham's New York, 14 September 2015, lot 8073. © Bonhams 2001-2015

Cf. my post: A rare repoussé and parcel-gilt silver bowl, Tang dynasty, early 8th century

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A fine and rare parcel gilt-copper lobed pouring bowl, yi, Tang dynasty (618-907). 8 7/8 in. (22.6 cm.) wide. Sold for 118,750 GBP at Christie's, London, 7 November 2017, lot 166. © Christie's Images Ltd 2017.

Cf. my post: The Michael Michaels Collection of Early Chinese Art at Christie's London, 7 november 2017

In his catalog entry, Mr. Lally speculates that the legible incised character on the side of the foot may be the name of the original owner.

Bonhams. CHINESE WORKS OF ART AND PAINTINGS, 19 Mar 2018, 12:00 EDT, NEW YORK

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